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虚拟语气 [高中英语]
发表于:2015-10-13 阅读:33次
虚拟语气。
即通过动词的特殊形式,表示说话人所说的话,不是事实,而只是一种愿望、假设和猜测。
一、在if引导的条件状语从句及其主句中的使用。
从句中:与过去事实相反—had done
与现在事实相反—did / were
与将来事实相反—did / should do / were to do
主句中:与过去事实相反—would/could/should/might have done
与现在或将来相反—would/could/should/might do
eg.
If I had seen you yesterday,I would have asked you about it.
If I knew his telephone number,I would ring him up.
If it should rain,they wouldn't go out.
ps: If 引导的虚拟条件从句中should、had、were可以提前,if省略,构成半倒装结构。
eg:Should there be a flood(=If there should be a flood),what should we do?
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用。
主语从句:表奇怪,不相信,惋惜,理应如此等,从句用(should)do
eg.It is natural/strange that she think so.
宾语从句:1.表建议,命令,要求,坚持等,从句用(should)do
eg.I insist that she do her work alone.(坚持要)
He suggested that Jane be invited to the party.(建议)
对比:He insisted that he was right.(坚持说)
His pale look suggested that he was in poor health.(表明)
2.wish,表示未实现或不可能实现的愿望
描述过去:had done. I wish you had been here yesterday.
描述现在:did. I wish I were 10 years younger.
描述将来:could/would do. I wish I could fly to the moon in the future.
三、其他
1.as if / as though "就像...".
若描述的不是事实,则用虚拟语气。He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
若是事实,用陈述语气。It looks as if it's going to rain.
2.would rather/had rather。 <~~do sth 宁愿做某事。>
若描述与事实相反,则用虚拟语气。
与过去相反:had done. I would rather I had never met him yesterday.
与现在/将来相反:did. I would rather you told him than I did.
3. It is (high) time to do sth.做某事的时候到了。
It is (high) time that sb did/should do sth <Ps.should 一定不能省略>
4.if only "要是...多好啊!"引起的感叹句,谓语变化同wish.
If only I had listened to your advice.
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定语从句 [初中英语]
发表于:2015-05-16 阅读:192次
定语从句。即作定语的从句。起修饰作用,相当于形容词。 一、被修饰的词称先行词。根据定语从句与先行词关系是否紧密,分为: 1.限制性定语从句 2.非限制性定语从句: ![]() 二、引导定语从句的词叫关系词。分为: 1.关系代词:在从句中充当主语宾语表语及定语等。who,whom,whose,that,which,as。 2.关系副词:在从句中充当状语。when,where,why。 学习定语从句的注意点: 一、who,whom,that都指人 1.在从句中作主语时,用who或that 2.在从句中作宾语时,用whom,who,that 这时,关系词可以省略。 二、that,which在从句中作主语宾语时,一般可互换。且作宾语时,二者皆可省略。 1.在下列情况下,只能用which,不能用that: 在非限制性定语从句中:Water,which is useful,has been polluted。 在“介词+关系代词”结构中:This is the house in which we lived 3 years ago。 2.在下列情况中,只能用that: 先行词为all,everything,much,little等不定代词时: eg.Everything that should be done has been done. 先行词被all,every,no,some,few,much等修饰时: eg.I have read all the books that you gave me. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时: eg.This is the most exciting film that I have seen. 先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰时: eg.You are the only one that/who can move the stone. 先行词既指人又指物时: eg.The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the woods were rescued this morning 当主句是以there,here开头时: eg.There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in. 当主句是which,who等开头的特殊疑问句时: eg.Which is the car that killed the man. 三、当先行词是表示地点或时间的名词时,要根据先行词在从句中的作用来选择: 1.关系副词:I want to go back to the place where I was born and grew up 2.关系代词:This is the museum that/which we visited last month. 经典定语从句练习: 1.She heard a terrible noise,__brought her heart into her month. 2.In the dark street,there wasn't a single person __she could turn for help. 3.The man returned to the small town __he grew up as a child . 4.The film brought the hours back to me __I was taken good care of in that village. 5.__is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth. 6.There are eleven books on the shelf,__five are mine. 7.I work in a business __almost everyone is waiting for a good chance. 8.We are living in an age __many things are done on computer. 9.I have many friends,__some are businessmen. 10.Is that the small town you often talk about? Right,just the one __you know I used to work for years. |