介词的用法 [高中英语]

发表于：2013-08-04 阅读：204次

介词与介词短语

Ø        

Ø   考向一 简单介词的用法

考点1：方位介词

方位介词in/at的基本用法

In    Mr Wang has worked in London for ten years.

At   We’ll meet each other at the school gate.

介词in/to/on用在方位名词前的区别

 in      Jiangsu lies in the east of China.

 to      Japan lies to the east of China.

 on                                    Mongolia lies on the north of China.

between和among的区别

 between         This secret is only between you and me.

 

 among         Robert was the only person among them who had ridden the horse.

罗伯特是他们中唯一骑过马的人。

along/through/ across 的区别

           I walked along the river.  我沿着河边走。

                   I walked through the woods.我散步穿过树林。

I walked across the square.   我走过广场。

 

考点2：时间介词

At   in   by   on

At    1. at 10:00, at noon, at midnight, at sunrise

 

2.at Christmas

In  1.  in the 1990s, in Tang Dynasty, in September, in the morning

 

2.  I'll be back in three

By  1. We'll have finished the work by ten o'clock tomorrow.

2.  He worked by day and slept by night.

On     on September 2nd, on a sunny day, on the morning of May 1st

考点3：工具、手段、方式介词

by, in, on三词都可以表示旅行的方式。

By   ①  by sea, by air, by land, by rail

②   by bike,   by taxi, by plane, by ship

in/on    当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通时，

用in或on,名词前用冠词、物主代词、in this plane, in a car, on an early train, on my bike指示代词等修饰。

 

Note: with, by, in  三词均可表示“用”，表行为方式、手段或工具

※with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名 词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。

 

They are digging with a spade. 他们正在用铲子挖。

We see with our eyes我们用眼睛看东西。

 

※by/in 多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。

 

by hand, in ink, in English

Ø 考向二 重点介词的用法

 

考点1：介词with的用法

 

介词with的用法

1.  The students went to the farm with their teachers.

 

2.   With time passing, they have grown into big boys and big girls.

随着时间的流逝，他们已经成大小伙子和大姑娘了。

3. He likes to sleep with the windows open

 

4.   China is a country with a long history.

中国是个历史悠久的国家。

5.  The little girl was trembling with fear.

这个小女孩吓得发抖。

考点2：介词by的用法

1.        

He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳膊。

2.     He succeeded by hard work  他由于努力工作而成功。

3.  We lost the match by one goal. 我们以一分之差输掉了那场比赛。

4.   Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, eggs by the dozen.牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论磅卖，蛋类论打卖。

 

5.       By my watch, the time is half past ten.

按我的手表显示，现在是十点半。

Ø 考向三 易混介词(短语)的用法

 

考点1:表示“除了”的介词(短语)的用法比较

but/except  

Nobody except/but John knows about the thing well. 只有约翰非常了解这件事。

Besides   

    Many students went to the park besides me. 除了我之外还有很多学生也去了公园。

except for

      His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

     他的作文非常好，只有几处拼写错误。

 

apart form          

We all passed the exam apart from Tom.(汤姆没通过考试)

Apart from the cost, haven't the time to go.(费用被包括)

考点2: in＋名词＋of

     in favour of     Are you in favour of the opinion?   你赞成这个观点吗？

赞 成  支持

in honour of      This monument was built in honor  of the Queen.

 这座纪念碑是为了纪念女王而建的。

为纪念 为庆祝

 

in face of        Don't lose heart  in face of difficulty.  在困难面前不要丧失信心。

面对 面临     

 

in need of        He is in need of help.      他需要帮助。

需      要

 

in search of     He went to the south in search of  better prospects. 为了寻找更好的前途，他去了南方。

   寻      找

 

   in memory of    She set up an educational fund in  memory of her mother.

为了纪念       为了纪念她的母亲,她设立了一个教育基金。

 

in charge of

负      责    Are you in charge of visas? 您是负责签证的吗？

 

in view of     In view of our relationship, we agree  to allow you a discount.

由于 鉴于     考虑到我们的关系,我同意给你折扣。

 

in terms of     In terms of money, he's quite rich. 就钱来说他很富有。

在…方面

 

in spite of         I went out in spite of the rain.  尽管下雨我仍外出了。

尽        管

 

in case of         In case of rain they can't go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。

如果 万一