学会地道说英语
要想使自已的英语口语多姿多彩,魅力无穷,并能很快吸引对方,仅仅流利快速是不够的。许多英语专业毕业生在同外国人交流过程中,经常出现尴尬的场面,两个人都无法准确理解对方。中国学生语速倒是很快,但由于用词的不准确,表达方式的不贴切以及过分追求难词造成的歧义都会使双方感到交流的不畅快,所以,外国人评价中国学生的口语是“Too strange to be true !”(太奇怪,不真实)或“Too beautiful to be natural !”(用词华丽但不自然)使言谈增色,就需要你灵活运用外国人经常使用的习惯说话,包括习语,不过时 的俚语及大量的富有特色的语句。不要害怕模仿,只要运用得当,你尽可以引经据典,洋洋洒洒。
当别人在你旁边罗嗦个没完,你烦透了,说“You are so boring “.(你真烦!)。“Shut up !”(闭嘴!)自然没错,可人家受得了吗?不如来一句“Oh, come on .Give me a break !” (帮帮忙,让我歇歇吧!)这多地道、多幽默。
要想说人“气色好”。“You look fine!”当然不错,可如果你说”You’re in the
pink !”就妙得多了,实际上,在英语口语中,表示颜色的词用起来非常形象生动。
“他精力充沛”美国人说:“He is bouncy.”而不说“He is energetic ”,牢记一些日常对话中的活句式是你一把必备的钥匙。
如:久仰,“I get
mind of you “.比”I heard a lot about you.”轻松得多。
代问他人好当然能用”Please
remember me to your sister .” 或”Please give my
best wishes to your father ”不过,若是很好的朋友,何不说,“Please give my love to Jim。”
在中国可不能随便说“我想你”,然而,当和西方人分手时说“I will miss you .”要比说“Good-bye”或“See you soon”有趣得多,不妨一试。
有人开会迟到了,你若对他说 “You are late .”,听起来象是废话,若说“Did you get lost ?”,则更能让他歉然,可别说成“Get lost!”那可是让人滚蛋的意思。
别人征求你的意见,问能否开窗户等,你要说“You can do that .”就有点土了,用一句“Do you have the time? ”实际上,问他人的姓名,地址都可以这么用:“May I have you name?“要比”What’s your name ? ”礼貌得多,不过警察例外。
别人问你不愿公开的问题,切勿用“It’s my secret ,Don’t ask such a personal question .”回答,一来显得你没有个性,二来也让对方尴尬。你可以说“I would
rather not say .”(还是别说了吧!)。
有时候,你想说什么,可说是想不起来,你可以说“Well …”“Let me see”“Just a moment ”或“It’s on the tip of my tongue.”等,想比之下,最后一个句型是最地道的。
交谈时,你可能会转换话题,不要只说“By the way ”,实际上,“To change the subject”“Before I forget”“While I remember”“Mind you ”都是既地道有受欢迎的表达。
遇到你不懂的问题时可别不懂装懂,“I know”可能是中国人用得最多,而美国人最不能接受的一句话。当一美国教师向你解释某个问题时,你如果连说两遍“I know”可能是中国人用得最多,而美国人最不能接受的一句话。当一美国教师向你解释某个问题时,你如果连说两遍“I know”,我敢保证,他不会再跟你说什么了。用“I see ”或“I got it ”就顺耳得多,要是不懂就说“I’m not clear
about it .”不过如果你会说“It’s past my understanding”或“It’s beyond me .”你的教师定会惊讶不已的。
英语中“吃”的表达方法
一看到“吃”,人们自然而然想到的英语对等词就是“eat”,但是,这个简单的“吃”的意义决不是一个“eat”就能完全表达的。除了eat之外,还应该根据不同的情景和意义给予恰当的表达。常见的表达法如下:
1.译作take或have。
The patient can't take food yet.病人还不能吃饭。
We are
having dinner now.我们现在正在吃晚饭。
2.译作dine,feed,taste,touch,graze等词。
She invites
me to dine with her tomorrow.
她邀请我明天和她一起吃饭。
Have you fed yet?你吃饭了吗?
He hasn't
touched /tasted food for two days.他两天没吃东西了。
The horses
were grazing quietly in the field.
马群正在田野里静静地吃草。
3.译作like,love,prefer,enjoy,care for, be fond of等。
Would you
like `ice-cream`?你想吃冰淇淋吗?
She loves
bananas.她爱吃香蕉。
Southerners
prefer rice while northerners prefer noodles.
南方人喜欢吃米饭而北方人喜欢吃面条。
He is
enjoying his dinner.他正津津有味地吃晚饭。
Tom doesn't
care for meat.汤姆不怎么喜欢吃肉。
Ants are
fond of sweet food.蚂蚁喜欢吃甜食。
4.译作feed on,live on等短语动词。Cattle
feed chiefly on grass.牛主要靠吃草为生。
Monkeys live
on wild fruit.猴子以吃野果为生。
5.译作某些介词短语。
It's time
for lunch.该吃午饭了。
Please sit
down at table.请坐下吃饭吧。
6.某些引申意义的“吃”,可根据具体意义用适当的词或词组表示。
You'd better
not ask for trouble.你最好不要自讨苦吃。
He's always
the first to bear hardships.
他总是吃苦在前。
The enemy
troops suffered one defeat after another.
敌军连吃败仗。
This is a hard way to earn a living.这碗饭不容易吃。
A wise man
does not fight when the odds are against him.
好汉不吃眼前亏。
Such a style is unpopular anywhere.这种作风到哪儿都吃不开。
Mechanical
copying of anything foreign would be disastrous.
机械地照搬外国的东西要吃大亏的。
It may be
too much for you to walk such a long way.
走这么长的路恐怕你吃不消。
A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。
That's a
thankless task.那是吃力不讨好的事。
Only if you
can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society.
吃得苦中苦,方为人上人。
She was so jealous that she wouldn't let her husband dance with
anyone else.
她好吃醋,总不让丈夫跟其他人跳舞。
This kind of paper does not absorb ink.这种纸不吃墨。
绕口令、谜语、幽默与英语自学
有一块寓学于嘻的天地往往为英语自学者所忽视。这块天地就是发表在英语刊物边边角角里的英语绕口令、谜语和幽默。任何语言大致都有三个层次:语音、词汇和语法。狭义而言,学习语言实际上就是要掌握语言的这三个层次。而英语绕口令。谜语和幽默对于英语的每个层次都有涉及,堪称英语自学者的良师益友。
许多同学在学习英语语音的时候,往往受方言的影响,发不准这个或那个音素。要纠正这些发得不准的音,练习绕口令无疑是一种有趣并且有效的方法。
Eg. She sels seashells on the seashore.
Eg. Six silly sleepers slept softly on silk sheets.
绕口令是可以自编的,从词典中找出一些含有同音素的词来构成一句有趣的句子即成。
有些英语谜语也有助于我们掌握语音。
Eg. What twoletters mean nothing?
答案是MT。MT的发音是[emti:],酷似empty的发音。这则谜语不仅帮助我们学会并且记牢empty 的发音,也可以加深我们对于失去爆破现象的理解。
能够说明词汇问题的谜语,幽默可谓俯抬皆是,给我们提供的帮助也是多方面的。
1.拼写:
What is the smallest room in the world? 答案是a mushroom。这则谜语帮助我们记住mushroom(蘑菇)的拼写,因为这单词有一部分是room。
A: Which seven-lettered word has three "u"s in it?
B: I don't know. But it must be unusual.
B没猜着却说对了。这种戏剧性的幽默会使我们记住unusual的拼写中有三个"u"。
2.同音异形词:
Peter:Tom,why do you
prefer a pear to an apple?
Tom: Because it takes tow apples to make a pair(pear).
3.一词多义:
Teacher:Tom, how many states are there in the US?
Tom: Fifty.
Teacher:Enumerate them.
Tom: One, two,
three, ...
enumerate既有"数、点"的意思,又有"枚举、列举" 的意思。
4.习惯用法:
Teacher: Jim,why can't we lose our heads?
Jim: If we lose our heads, we will have nothing to put our hats on.
to lose one's head当作成语用时,意思是"失去理智,惊慌失措",只有了解这一点,才能明白此中幽默所在。
谜语、幽默说明语法问题的也不乏其例。例如:
The Mother: My daughter has been learning piano lessons under you for quite a
long time. What do you think of her execution now?
The pianist: That could be a nice thing to do.
execution既有"演奏",又有"处死刑"的意思,而物主代词和它所限定的表示动作的名词之间既可以是
主谓关系,也可以是动宾关系,因此, her execution既可理解为"她的演奏",也可理解为"处她以死刑",显然,钢琴家理解的是后一种意思。又如:
Willy:I thought I
told you to come after supper.
Milly:That's what I
come after.
Wiliy的本意是:我想我是让你晚饭后再来的。然而如果我们不把 after supper看作状语,而将come
after看作是表示"寻求"的词组,把supper看成这个动词词组的宾语,同样的一句话就会变为"我想我是 让你来找晚饭吃"的意思。显然,这里的幽默产生于对于句子结构的不同理解。
的确,英语绕口令、谜语、幽默对于英语自学的帮助是多方面的,充分地利用这块天地,寓学于嬉,定能收到事半功倍的效果。
年轻人常用英语口头禅
先举几个年轻人常用的「口头禅」:
1. It's cool:cool 是青少年(teen-agers) 常用的字,(有时也用 debonaire) 其真正意思是指可以接受的好事;或是情况可以控制;或是保持冷静、文雅、礼貌、外表不错,能够合乎年轻人的标准。(可指人或事物)也就是 something good or acceptable;situation is under control;being calm,
gentle, courteous or good-looking;meet teen's standard. 所以可以说:
That's cool;he is cool;this is cool. Skydiving (或surfing) is cool.(跳伞或冲浪运动很不错) 主词可用任何人称的单复数 (I, we, they 等),动词可用 verb to be 的任何时态 (is, was, were, will be, have been等)。因此,也可以说:
She (He) was cool in the past. That's a cool T-shirt.(好看的运动衫) He (she) is a cool person.(文雅礼貌的人) 但是如果说:Are you
cool?又是指「你冷吗?」(cool
= cold),可见 cool 当口头禅或俚语时,多半不用在问句。假如说:
She looks as cool as a cucumber. 又是恭维语,是说她很 calm and charming; not emotional. 但为何用黄瓜 (cucumber) 代表,则不得而知。 (注:许多华人把 cool 译成「很酷」)
2. Are you trippin'?:trippin' 这个字,是由动词 trip 演变而来。(动词时态是:tripped,
tripping)年轻人用省略符号 (apostrophe ) 代替 g,表示是 slang,或口头禅。这个字是现在分词当形容词用,是指行为异乎寻常,也许受到吸毒或喝酒的影响,而显得神魂颠倒、奇形怪状(to get high on drug such as LSD),也就是说:要不是受到药、酒的影响,你为什 显得这样古怪呢?(Are
you under any influence of drug or alcoholic? Why are you so crazy and
bizarre?) 所以可以说:
They are trippin'. (= tripping) She (he) is trippin'. Mr. A must be trippin'. 通常只用在年轻人身上,而且不是恭维语。
3. He is a nerd:nerd 是指一些年轻人,每天只懂读书、考试,但对生活上的其他事情,都很生疏。 (A person always buries his nose in books, but not good at social
situations.) 由於美国十分重视多方面发展的教育 (well-rounded),所以许多老外认为 nerd 虽然学识不错,但很乏味;有IQ,但缺乏EQ,只是社会上无足轻重的「书虫」或「蠢货」而已。(IQ = Intelligence Quotient ; EQ = Emotional Quotient) nerd 可用复数,动词也能用其他时态。因此可以说:
He used to be a nerd in high school. (过去他在高中时是位书呆子) Many Chinese students are(或 have been)considered nerds. 至於 geek 这个字,虽然与 nerd 相似,年轻人也常用,但 geek 是指在某一方面有很高的 IQ。我们可以说:
He is a computer geek. (意思是:虽然他是书呆子,但电脑很棒) 另外,年轻人还用 jerk 这个字,通常是指没有社交技巧,头脑简单或古怪,令人讨厌的家伙(annoying person),如果你不喜欢一个人,就可以说:
I don't like him because he is a jerk.
也可以用复数: Many
jerks are working in our company.
主词也可以用其他人称,动词也可用其他时态: They are jerks; He was a jerk in the past; Mr. A has been jerk for
years. (注:有时年轻人也用 dork 这个字,但不如 jerk 流行)
4. Yo baby:Yo baby 是许多年轻的黑人男子对女子的招呼语,也有人用“Yo baby, yo baby yo”,由於女子很漂亮,很吸引人,他想与她交谈。(He thinks she is pretty and attractive, so he wants to speak to
her.),也就是找话题,想要「打开话匣」。(to use as a form of opening line or pick-up line or to begin a
greeting; try to know her or date her) 如果说:
Yo baby, are you trippin'? 意思是:漂亮的姑娘,你的样子有点怪里怪气,有什 心事吗? “Yo baby" 後面可跟任何可以「打开话匣」的句子。诸如:May I help you with something? I think I have met you somewhere
before. 同理,如果年轻女子看到帅哥,有吸引力,很想与他交谈,那 就用:“Hey, hey, hey" 後跟任何可以「打开话匣」的句子。诸如:
Hey, hey, hey, what's going on?“what is going on?”就是年轻黑人打招呼的用语 (a form of greeting or open statement) 或 Hey, hey, hey, are you going to
the movie?(帅哥,你是去看电影吗?)
5. She is a ho:ho 这个字,也是美国年轻人把 whore 字改变而成的一种口头禅或俚语。意思是指一些年轻女人,也许因为 peer pressure 或 curiosity 或 enjoyment 的心理,随便自愿与男子免费上床。(a girl or woman gives sex freely without charge),也就是说:She is
very loose. 或 She is a loose woman (girl)。 ho 也可用复数:
They are (were) hos. There are quite a few hos in high schools. 但是如果用 whore,是指妓女,男人需要付钱的。(a
girl or woman is paid for sex.)
6. Catch you later!这是年轻人说「再会」的口语。(a form to say“good乡bye”) 也就是说:现在没有时间与你交谈,以後再谈吧!(I don't have time to talk with you now, but we can talk later.) 因此,catch 就是 talk 或 contact 的意思。catch 後面,也可用其他人称代名词(him,
her, them 等)
有时年轻小伙子也用:I am
off. 意思就是:I am
leaving now; I'll talk to you again. (我要走了,再谈吧!)
如何用英语表达喜悦?
人人都向往快乐,平时大家也会遇到一些让人快乐的事。在汉语中有非常丰富的词汇来表示人的喜悦。但在与外国人交往时,你是不是感到词汇贫乏,无法恰如其分地表达出自己的喜悦呢?
自如地用英语表达快乐的心情,那定是又一种快乐吧!
1. be in a good mood, feel cheerful 心情喜悦
e.g. I’m in
a good mood today. 我今天心情很好。
My birthday
always makes me feel cheerful.我的生日总是让我心情喜悦。
2. be
radiant with joy 喜行于色
e.g. She was
radiant with joy when I asked her to marry me.
当我请求她嫁给我时,她真是喜行于色。{真是个大男人的句子啊!}
3. be pleased beyond description 喜不胜言
e.g. I was
pleased beyond description that I got this job.
得到了这份工作让我喜不胜言。
4. eyes twinkle with pleasure 喜上眉梢
e.g. His
eyes twinkle with pleasure every time he remembers last winter.
每当他想起去年冬天,就喜上眉梢。
5. light up with pleasure 喜笑颜开
e.g. His
face lit up with pleasure when she came in.
她进来的时候,他马上喜笑颜开。
6. be
extremely delighted 欢天喜地
e.g. We're
extremely delighted at your success.
我们因为你的成功而欢天喜地。
7. be wild
with joy, be ecstatic, be exuberant 欣喜若狂
e.g. The
crowd was wild with joy when he scored the final goal.
当他投入最后一球得分,人们欣喜若狂。
e.g. We were ecstatic to be together again.
能重新相聚,我们真是欣喜若狂。
e.g. The children could not have been any more exuberant at the
birthday party.
孩子们在生日聚会上真是无比开心。
8. wear a happy expression, look cheerful 面带喜色;面带笑容
e.g. He was
wearing a happy expression even though he was really worried.
即使他很担心,他也总是面带笑容。
e.g. You look cheerful today. What's the good news?
你今天看上去很高兴。有什么好事?
9. be
overjoyed 喜出望外
e.g. Belinda
was overjoyed to hear from you after so long.
隔了这么久才收到你的信,贝琳达喜出望外。
如何用英语表达“相关经验”
Occupational Experience Experience in
auditing, cost accounting and taxation.有审计、成本会计和税务方面的经验。
Working experience in foreign company.有在外资公司工作的经验者。
Five years' experience in foreign trade or foreign owned venture.有5年在外贸方面或外资企业工作的经验。
Experience working with foreign companies. 有在外国公司工作的经验。
Three years of Experience in personnel recruiting. Screening and interviewing.有3年的人员招募、选拔和面试方面的经验。
Some experience in product distribution.略具产品销售的经验。
Knowledge of U. S. Specifications and standards. 具有美国规格标准方面知识。
Sales experience of medical equipment and working
experience in radiology department is preferred.有医疗设备销售经验及在放射科工作的经验 。
1 year working experience in commerce or consumer products.有1年在商业或消费产品方面的工作经验者。
International accounting and joint venture experience.有国际会计和合资企业的工作经验。
Have 2 year's,programming experience.有2年电脑编程的经验。
5 years' experience in staff management.有5年管理员工的经验。
Telecommunication services experience with China Post and Telecommunication
Bureaus.有在中国邮电局进行电信服务的经验。
Experience serving top-level managment。具备为高级管理人员服务的经验 。
Have one year experience in the same capacity with foreign company.有1年在外资企业担任同样职务的经验。
3 years maintenance supervisory experience in electricity wiring,mechanical
engineering,etc.有3年在电线工程、机械工程等方面进行维修督导的经验。
Experience in export business .有出口贸易的经验。
Has the experience in training and supervising production supervisors and
technicians.有培训和督导生产管理人员和技术人员的经验。
2 years factory management experience .有2年工厂管理的经验。
Experience working in multinational environment.有在多国环境下的工作经验。
4 years' relevant experience.有4年相关经验者优先。
2 years’secretarial experience.有2年的文秘经验。
Familiarity with international trade issues.熟悉国际贸易问题。
Have experience in the computerization of financial functions.有财务电算化的经验。
Three years' experience in teaching English as a second language.有一年将英语作为第二语言的英语教学经验。
Experience in marketing research&analysis.有市场营销研究和分析的经验。
Working experience in advertising.有广告方面的工作经验。
Have experience as a receptionist.有当接待员的经验。
Experience in building construction or steel industry.有建筑和钢铁工业的经验。
Substantial experience in selling technical/chemical items.有销售技术、化学品的丰富经验。
5 years working experience and familiar with office equipment and electronic
products design,understanding the U. S. A.&Asia market.有5年工作经验并熟悉办公室设备及电子产品设计且了解美国与亚洲市场。
Experience in project,sales and service coordination.有策划、销售和售后服务协调的经验。 -Have 2 years
experience in either media planning and account servicing on international
clients.有2年媒介策划及对国际客户进行业务服务的经验。
3 years relevant marketing experience in advertising and promotion.有3年在广告和推销方面的相关业务经验。
方法就是方法,它最终无法取代刻苦的学习.
英语学习方法总论(口语)
Oral English:(口语学习方法总汇)
(1).We study spoken English so as to make oral communications, so this order of
importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, Accuracy, and
Appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical
communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical
correctness.
我们学习口语目的是为了与别人进行交流,所以英语口语中的几个要素的重要次序应为:流利-准确-恰当.
(2).Try to find some partners practicing oral English
together and English corner is a good place as where we may exchange English
study experience, widen our sight and improve interest in English.
寻找学伴一起练习口语.英语角是个不错的地方,在那我们不但可以练习口语,还可以交流英语学习经验,开拓视野,提高英语学习兴趣.
(3).If English partners are not easy to get, then we
have to create an English environment ourselves by speaking English to
ourselves.
如果找不到学伴或参加英语角的机会很少,那么也没有关系,有很多种方法可以自己练习口语.比如通过自己对自己将英语来创造英语环境.可以对自己描述所看到的景物,英语口述自己正在作的事情.
*(4).This method is very effective and easy to insist
on--interpreting Chinese-English novels or books. First we read the Chinese
parts and then try to interpret them into English and then compare our
interpretation with the original versions in the novels or books so that we can
find out the mistakes, shortcomings and progresses in our interpretation.
*这种方法非常有效且很容易坚持---口译汉英对照(或英汉对照)的小说或其它读物.首先我们先读汉语部分,然后逐句直接口译成英文,完成一小段后,去看书上的对应英文部分并与我们的口译进行比较,我们马上可以发现我们口译的错误,缺点和进步. 请注意:开始要选择较简单的读物,且应大量做,只做一两篇效果是不明显的.开始可能较慢,费时较多,但请坚持,整体上这是一个加速的过程. 高级阶段请计时练习,以加快反应速度和口语流利度.
*作为成人学英语,记忆力差是个拦路虎,作复述练习或背诵课文往往力不从心,或者由于词汇量太小觉得直接作口译太难,那么这样做可以非常有效地解决这个问题::先学习英文课文,通篇理解透彻后,再来看汉语译文, 把汉语译文口译回英文. 这样等于既作复述练习又作口译(语)练习,可谓一石双鸟!
*这样作的好处:
1.自己就可以练习口语,想练多久,就练多久.
2.始终有一位高级教师指出您的不足和错误---英文原文.
3.题材范围极广,可以突破我们自己的思维禁锢,比如我们总是喜欢谈论我们自己熟悉的话题,所以我们总是在练习相同的语言,进步当然就缓慢了.
4.选择小说,幽默故事或好的短文阅读,使我们有足够的兴趣坚持下去.
5.有一些我们在直接学习英语课文时被我们熟视无睹的地道的英语用法会被此法发掘出来.
6.对所学知识和所犯错误印象深刻.这等于我们一直在作汉译英练习,很多英文译文是我们费尽心思憋出来的,所以印象相当深刻.比直接学习英文课文印象要深的多.
7.经过大量的练习,你会有这样的感觉:没有什么东西你不能翻译,你的翻译水平大大加强了,你的口语表达力大大提高了!
(5).Interpreting what you hear---Changing Roles: Three
people make a group: one speaks Chinese, one speaks English acting as the
foreigner, one acts as interpreter. Then change roles. This is a good
interpreting training method and is good for studying from one another. In
addition, it may improve the responding ability and speed of students. The
advanced stage of this method is simultaneous interpretation.
听译法-角色互换:三人一组,模拟翻译实战.一人将汉语,一人将英语,扮演老外,一人作翻译.练习一段时间后互换角色.这是一种非常好的翻译训练方法,也是很好的相互学习,取长补短的方法.而且可大大提高反应速度和能力.此法的高级阶段为同声传译,我们可以在听广播或看电视或开会时,把所听内容口译英文.
(6).Oral composition and 3-minute training method: This
method is suitable for intense training. Making an oral composition about a
certain topic for one minute the first time and record the composition on tape
at the same time. Then listen to the composition and find out the room for
improvement. Then make the same composition for two minutes for the second time
and also record it. And at last repeat the above-mentioned for three minutes.
口语作文和3分钟训练法:此法适用于强化训练.找好一个题目作一分钟的口语作文,同时将其录音.听录音,找出不足和错误,就此题目再作两分钟的的口语作文,同样录音,再听并找出不足与进步,继续作三分钟口语作文.这是高级口语训练,效果不俗.
(7).Retelling exercise: Retell some articles or English
stories in our own words.
复述练习:最简单也是最有效的口语学习方法.从治本上攻克英文的方法,特别适合初学者和中级学者,用自己的话背颂所听的英语故事或文章短文,应该大量地练习.
(8).If possible, we may read some English tongue
twisters loudly and quickly with one or two cakes of candy in our mouth (just
as the Chinese cross-talk actors do.) to train our oral cavity muscle and
tongues suitable for English pronunciation.
如果可能我们也可以大声且快速朗读英文绕口令(就象相声演员练嘴),还可以同时口中含块糖以加大强化训练的力度.这样来强我们的口腔肌肉迅速适应英文发音,使我们的口语相当流利,清晰,而且还有自信.例如:
☆A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. The big black bear bit back
the big black bug.
☆This fish has a thin fin; That fish has a fat fin;
This fish is a fish that has a thinner fin than that fish.
(9).Paying more attention to phrases and small words as one major shortcoming
of Chinese English (especially Chinese oral English) is that Chinese students
tend to use big words in their oral language, but the idiomatic oral English is
abundant with short, active and vivid phrases. And most of such phrases are made
of small words.
特别注意短语(词组)和小词的运用,中国式的英语尤其是口语一个很大的缺点就是中国学生喜欢用大词,而真正地道的英语口语确是充满着短小,活泼,生动的短语,富有生气.而这些短语大部分有小词构成.
(10) Thinking in English.英语思维的培养。
1. 大量根据图片来了解生词的含义,故事的情节.这是少儿英语中常用的方法,也试用于成人.
2. 习惯于使用英-英字典而不是英-汉字典会起相当重要的作用.
3. 加强听力训练,尤其是听用英语解释英语的课程讲解.
4. 如果没有机会拥有封闭的语言环境的话, 就最好尝试一下自我封闭语言环境的创造与训练.如:强迫自己在一周内所有要表达的话,全部用英语表达.只要你能坚持一周,效果就相当明显,而无论你所表达的英语有多糟!.
(11).Oral English has its own features, but it is
closely combined with other aspects of English, for example, writing may make
oral English precise and accurate.
口语虽自有特色,但与英语的其它方面紧密相连.比如,经常练习写作,可使口语精密,准确.
英语“方位”表示法
英语方位表示法为数不少,但容易混淆。特别是几个介词的用法常常令自学者无所适从。有时 “一字之差” 就可能 “失之千里”。为此,我们拟用比较的方式以east为例介绍一些常见的方位表示法。
(一)in the east 与 on the east的区别
1.in the east表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。如:
The sun
rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东边升起,从西边落下。
The Great Wall begins in the east from the ShanghaiguanPass and ends at the Jiayuguan Passin the west.
长城东起山海关,西至嘉峪关。
2. on the east表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向。这里的方向是相对而言的。如:
China faces the Pacific on the east.
中国东临太平洋。
The United Statesfaces the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific
on the west.
美国东临大西洋,西濒太平洋。
(二) in (to,on,at) the east of
1.要表示A在B的东部,即:A在B的范围之内时就用"A
is in the east of B",如:
Japan is in the east
of Asia.
日本在亚洲东部。
Italyis in the south of Europe.
意大利在欧洲南部。
2.如果A在B的东方,即:A在B的范围之外,且相隔有一定的距离,就用"A lies to the east of B".口语中有时可将to the省去。如:
Japan lies (to the)
east of China.
日本位于中国东方。
Francelies (to the) east of England.
法国位于英国东方。
3.如果A在B的东边(侧),即:A与B相邻接。就用"A is on the east of B".如:
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.
广东在湖南南边。
Shangdong is on the north of Jiangsu.
山东在江苏北边。
4.如果把方位词当作一个整体看,或是看成一点,就用"A is at the east of B" 如:
There was a
big battle at the north of the Liaodong Peninsula.
在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。
5.如果要表示“A位于B东面100公里处”时我们既可以说"A lies l00kmto the east of B",也可以说"A lies 100kmeast of B". 后者在美国口语中更为常见。如:
The plane
crashed 30 miles south of the city.
飞机在离城南30英里处坠毁。
Suzhou lies 50
miles to the west of Shanghai.
苏州位于上海西面50英里处。
(三) 汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了north,south,east,west;并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。
东南方:southeast 西南方:southwest
西北方:northwest 东北方:northeast
如:十三陵位于北京西北50公里处。
The Ming
Tombs are located about 50 kmto the northwest of Beijing.
天津位于北京东南120公里处。
Tiajin is situated l20 kmsoutheast of Beijing.
(四)要表示方位的“偏向”时通常用by
正东偏北: east
by north
正南偏西: south
by west
正北偏东: north
by east
正南偏东: south
by east
如:We are
sailing in the direction of east by north.
我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。
The island lies south by east from here.
那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。
流行美语
Hey, Give me five
范例:
"Hey, Tom ! Give me five!" shouted Henry, raising his hand. “嗨,汤姆!好啊!”享得大叫着,并把手举起来。
句型解说:
在现代美国电影或电视中,常常可看到两个人手伸出一互相击掌(其实中国人也有许多这样),这种现象发生在两初见面时,或是有什么值得两人高兴的事发生时。
有时会说“Give me
five”。有时两人很有默契时,不说“Give
me five,就互相击掌。
灵活运用:
Tom: Hey, dude! Give me five! 嗨,家伙,好啊!
John: How are you doing, Tom? 汤姆,你好吗?
I haven’t seen you since last winter. 自从去年冬天以后就没见过你了。
Give Me a Break
范例:Oh, come
on. Give me a break. 噢,算了吧。别开玩笑了。
句型解说:“Give me
a break.” 是一句很流行的话。但凡你听到别人说一个消息、一件事或任何一句话,你挺了不相信,都可以回他一句 “give me a break”, 既清楚表达了不相信他说的话,而且又充分地运用了一句流行的英语。 “give me a break”和”get out of here”都有不相信对方的意思。但 get out of here 所表达的不相信中,含有兴奋的意味。例如:有人说你漂亮,你回答他说:“别骗我了,要用 get out of here,而不用 give me a break。因为别人的说你漂亮,你虽然说别开玩笑了,事实上正芳心暗喜呢。。J
灵活运用:1 Mary:
Do you know who is going with John ?
你知道谁是John的女朋友吗?
Jack: Ann Lee? Give me a break。
李安妮?别开玩笑了。。
I'll say.
范例:
Tom:She's such a doll.
她真的很可爱。
John:I'll say.
我也有同感。
句型解说:
在用英语聊天时,有时会觉得不知该如何接下去,记住这些简单的聚斯,聊起来时不仅顺口,还很贴切。
例如,对方说了一件事情,你很有同感,别老是"Yes,yes.I think so." 用“I'll say.”表示如果由我来说,我也会这样说,或是“You said it.”,我要说的,你刚才已经说了,都是表示同意对方的说法。这两句话都是很流行的用语,只要场合对了,尽管用。
灵活应用:
1。Tom: What a handsome couple they make!
他们真是天生的一对。
Mary:I'll say.
是啊!我也有同感。
2。Tom:This test
is killing me.
这次考试真难。
Mary:You said it.
是啊!我也这么想。
I'm afraid I'll fail the course.
我怕我这科会不及格。
John: Tell you what.
告诉你一个消息。
I’m going to beat Tom at math contest.
我会在数学竞赛中赢汤姆。
Mary: Oh, give me a break. 别开玩笑了。
Tom is so good at math
Tom 的数学那么好。
flirt
范例:
She's the biggist flirt in school.
她是全校最喜欢招摇的女孩。
She keeps flirting with boys.
她总是爱跟男孩子抛媚眼。
句型解说:
flirt这个词当动词用时, 指抛媚眼、送秋波、眉来眼去;当名词用时,指喜欢到处勾搭的人。另外有两个词也常用来形容爱招摇、爱出风头的女孩子,但却表达了不同的意思。snob指喜欢穿戴得很漂亮、到处招摇的女孩子。airhead则是指只是漂亮却没有脑筋的“花瓶”。
灵活运用:
1)The new girl
is such a flirt.
新来的女孩子很爱出风头。
2)She is too
much of an airhead to be school president.
她呀, “花瓶”一个, 不能做学生会会长。
3)She's such a snob. i don't like her.
她太爱招摇了。 我不喜欢她。
in a row----连续的
范例:
You have been late for work three days in a row.
你已经连续三天上班迟到了。
例句解说:in a row指连续的,它跟continuous不一样的用法是说一个接着一个,例如说一连几天或一连几夜
灵活运用:
I stayed up late three nights in a row.
我一连三个晚上都在熬夜。
He won the best actor award four years in a row.
他连续四年荣获最佳男主角奖。
bucks
范例:
Would you loan me ten bucks?
借我10块钱好吗?
I'm broke.
我身上一毛钱都没有。
句型解说:
buck是钱的意思, 也就是中学学过的dollar(元),但美国人偏爱说buck,
5块钱说"five
bucks". 跟five dollars, twenty dollars的意思一样,却是更常用的。big bucks指大钱,例如:有人想赚大钱就是making big bucks.
灵活运用:
1.Mary: How much is it?多少钱?
Clerck:Ten bucks.10块钱
2.My dream is to make big bucks.
我的梦想就是赚大钱。
in a row----连续的
范例:
You have been late for work three days in a row.
你已经连续三天上班迟到了。
例句解说:in a row指连续的,它跟continuous不一样的用法是说一个接着一个,例如说一连几天或一连几夜
灵活运用:
I stayed up late three nights in a row.
我一连三个晚上都在熬夜。
He won the best actor award four years in a row.
他连续四年荣获最佳男主角奖。
broke
范例:
Mary:I'm broke
我身上一毛钱都没有。
John:I can loan you ten bucks. If that'll help.
如果你需要的话, 我可以借你10块钱。
句型说明:
broke这个词,原本指破产,但也可以说没钱。这个“没钱”又有两种含义:一种是手头真的很紧;另一种是指身上没有现金。所以, 当美国人说 "I'm broke."时, 可能指她身上没有现金, 而不是说他真的破产了。
灵活运用:
1。I can't afford that.
我买不起。
I'm broke.
我手头紧。
2。I'm broke.
我身上没有现金。
I'm going to get some cash.
我要去取一些现金。
HIT
范例:
You are going to be a hit at the party.
你会是宴会上最枪眼的人物。
句型解说:
hit和hot的意思一样, 但hit是名词----某人、某首歌或某张唱片is
a hit。但hot是形容词-----某人、某首歌is hot.
灵活运用:
1.My sister just wrote a book that I know is going to be a hit.
我妹妹写了一本书,我知道那本书一定很畅销。
2.This song is going to be a hit.
这首歌一定会大受欢迎。
3.Britney Spears's latest album is a hit.
布兰妮的最新专辑很抢手。