冠词

基本用法：不定冠词表泛指；定冠词表特指。

重点关注：冠词的基本用法、不用冠词的情况、某些名词前使用冠词与不使用冠词的不同含义、固定短语中的冠词用法、在感叹句型或比较句型中考查冠词、在特定的语境中活用冠词。

一．             不定冠词的基本用法

a / an

1．用于可数名词单数形式前，表示“一个”人和物。A stitch in time saves nine.

2．表示一类人和物。A lion can be dangerous.

3．表示“某一个”的意思。A gentleman wants to see you.

4．表示“同一”的意思。They are nearly of an age./ The two shirts are much of a size.

5．表示“每一”的意思。We go swimming four times a week.

6．用在作表语、同位语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业。My mother is a lawyer.

7．第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个。Long long ago, there was an old king who had  a very beautiful daughter.

8．用在某些表示数量的词组中：a lot of; a couple of; a great many; a dozen, one dozen; a great deal of.

9.用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了。

He has a knowledge of chemistry.   The get-together was a great success.

一、             定冠词的基本用法

1．用以表示一个特定的人或物。We have to wait for the next bus.

2．用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或物。Open the door, please.

3．用以复述上文提过的人或物（第一次提到用a 或 an，以后再提到用the ）Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.

4．用在序数词和形容词最高级前。January is the first month of the year. Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

5．表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物。the sun; the moon; the earth; the sky; the world.

6．一些由普通名词构成的专有名词 the West Lake; the Great Wall; the United States; the United Nations

7．表示方向、方位。in the east; in the west; in the front; at the back; in the bottom; at the top; on the right; on the left.

8．在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean; the Huanghe River; the Taishan Mountains; the Taiwan Straits

9．在姓氏复数前，表示一家人 The Bakers came to see me yesterday.

10．            和某些形容词连用，代表一类人或物。the poor; the rich; the sick; the wounded; the good; the beautiful.

11.表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the.   play the piano; play the violin

二、             零冠词的用法

1．专有名词前一般不加冠词China; Europe; Lei Feng; William Shakespeare

2.月份、周日节日前一般不加冠词。January; Sunday; Christmas Day; Thanksgiving; National Day; May Day

3.三餐、四季前一般不加冠词。I have lunch at school.  Summer is the best season for swimming.

4.进行球类运动。play basketball, play volleyball, play football.

5.没有特指的物质名词、抽象名词和复数名词前。The cart is made of wood. Time is precious.

易错（混）考点解读

一、             用a与用the 含义不样；

in a way/in the way; a number of/ the number of; for a moment/ for the moment; a second time/ the second time; at a time/at the time;

二、             冠词的特殊用法

1．抽象名词具体化。 其前可用a/an.。a surprise/pleasure/success/failure; an honour/experience. Oh, John. What a pleasant surprise you gave us!

2．用于物质名词前，表示“一场、一种、一份”等。A heavy rain fell yesterday. I would like a coffee and two beers.

3.用于专有名词前A John called during your absence. I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.

4．用于序数词前，表示“再一”或“又一”。I have to buy a second hat. He thinks himself a second Napoleon.

5．用在most 前，表示“非常、十分”。It’s a most moving story.

6．用在the more, the better 比较级的句式中。The more you drink, the more you like it.

7．用在句型“动词+ sb. +介词+ the + 身体的某一部位”中. Take sb. by the arm, hit sb. in the face, be lame in the right leg.

8．用在度量单位的名词前I have hired the car by the hour(by time). Eggs are usually sold by the dozen in the west.

三、冠词使用应注意的几个问题。

1．冠词的位置

（1）a/an + adv. +adj.+ noun  He is an honest man.

 (2 ) such/what/quite/rather/half/many+ a/an+ adj.+ noun     The news gave me such a shock..

(3) 在so/as/too/how/however + 形容词后。    I’ve never seen so beautiful a girl.

(4) half/twice/three times + the + 名词   Their house is twice the size of yours.

2.冠词的省略

 (2 )turn + 单数可数名词前一般不用冠词。He was a miner before he turned writer.

(3)在单数名词+as/though +主语+ is/was的让步状语从句中。Fool as he is, he will not do such a thing.

(4) 单数可数名词表示独一无二的职位、身份、头衔。He was elected monitor of our class

练习

 (  ) 1.______recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090.A, the  B. A, /  C. The ,/  D. The, a

(  ) 2.If you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable  journey ,but make sure you get _____fast one.  A. /, /   B./, a  C. the, a  D./,/

(  ) 3. It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a     C. the,/   D. the, a

(  ) 4.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left _____city ,I only remember it was ______ Monday.。

A.    the , the  B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a

(   ) 5.If you grow up in ______large family ,you　are more likely to develop _____ability to get on well with ______others .A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the

(   ) 6.Mrs ,Taylor has ___8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting –she  has won two national prizes. A  a,  a  B. an ,the  C. an ,a  D. th

(  )7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ________ride to ________Capital Airport.

     A .the, a  B. a  the C. /, a  D. /, the

(  )8.On May 5,2005,at ___World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao

     won the gold medal in men’s with ____score of 4:1.  A. a ,a  B. / the C. a ,/  D. the ,a

(  )9.I knew  ______John Lennon ,but not ____famous one.  A. /,a  B. a ,the C. /,the  D. the, a

(  )10.The book tells ____life story of John Smith ,who left _______school and worked for a  newspaper at the age of 16. A. the, the B. a , the  C. the./ D. a,/

(  )11.When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _____hotel ; I can find you ______bed in my flat.A the ,a  B. the,/ C. a ,the D. a,/

(  )12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off________.

 A. a price B. price   C. the price D. prices

(  )13.____on-going division between English –speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _______major concern of the country.    A  The ,/  B. The ,a  C. An ,the  D. An,/

(  )14.When he left _____college ,he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office .

 A. /, a   B    /, the  C .a the D .the, the

(  )15The most important thing about cotton in history is ___part that it played in ____Industrial Revolution. A. /,/  B. the,/ C. the , the D. a ,the