All  of  my  students , always  believe  that  you  are  the  No.1 . In  fact , you  are  the  No.1 in  my  heart !-------------------------在我内心你们永远是最棒的！

可怜天下父母心，有几个孩子能真正理解这句话。父母总有为孩子操不完的心，爱之深则为其计深远，但对目前自己孩子的学习情况，深感焦急，想帮忙却感到力不从心，有谁来为他们排忧，分担。我很庆幸，当我学生的父母茫然，不知该如何帮自己孩子的时候，他们会跟我诉说。同样，只要他们愿意，我也乐意去听，去坚定他们的信心。虽然我比较年轻，也没有他们的阅历，但在我的专业领域，我会倾我所有，尽心尽力。通过辅导，不仅在学习方面帮学生养成自主学习的好习惯，提高成绩。同时为学生的生活以及未来的发展提供有力的支持和保障。

直击高一期末考试

                                       ---书本中的大智慧

•      一，动词­ ing 形式：

•      动词­ ing 形式是动词的一种变化形式，它仍然保持动词的某些特征，所以，它也有自己的时态和语态。动词­ing形式在句中既可以充当主语、宾语又可以充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。

•      在近几年的考题中，动词­ing形式的考查主要集中在状语用法的考查上，但也不能忽视其他用法，2009年天津卷考查了动词 ­ ing 形式作状语的用法。

•      歌诀巧记

•      现在分词语法动能：

•      现在分词真好记，动词后面­ing。

     它的作用真不小，可以充分当定状表。

      还有宾语补足语，忘记此项不可以。

  (2010天津,12) It rained heavily in the south.（    ）     serious flooding in several provinces.

•      A. caused   B. having caused    C. causing     D. to cause

•      (2008天津,4) _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.

•       A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown

二，近五年高考有关冠词考点分布表

【温馨提示】

注意区分a/ an：一般来说，an用在元音前，a用在非元音前。但注意下面的特殊例子。

错a Europe (European, one-way street, union, university, useful tool, usual way…)

错an honest man ( honor…)

错an 80-metre-high-tower

(2007天津,3) I wanted to catch _____early train,

but could’t get _____ride to the station.

A. an; the B./;the C. an;/ D. the ;a

(2004天津,24)When he left ____ college, he got a job as ____ report in a newspaper office.

    A. /; a B. /; the C. a; the D. the; the

目前高考试题单纯考冠词的定指、泛指等较少，多数结合具体语境进行考查。根据语境解题符合表达习惯是解题的最根本手段。

三，定语从句

Lu, Whose parents were born in China, spoke to Yang in Chinese during his flight.

爱德华·卢的父母在中国出生，他用中文与飞行中的杨利伟交谈。

此句中whose parents were born in China是一个非限制性定语从句，它用来修饰Lu,起到补充说明的作用。

联想拓展

     当whose引导定语从句时，它在从句中作定语，其先行词既可是人又可是物。修饰人时，whose+名词=the+名词+of whom=of whom+the+名词;

修饰物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which=of which+the+名词。

eg: Which is the Asian country whose economy is growing the fastest?

•      (2009天津,5)A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

•      A. who     B. whom    C. whose   D. whoever

四，现在完成进行时

•      Mr Wu's only been teaching us for two weeks and he's already very popular.吴老师教我们仅仅两周，现在他已经很受欢迎了。

•      这个句子用的是现在完成进行时，其结构是have/has +been+动词­ ing,它表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，并且还有可能再进行下去。

•      eg: It has been raining for 3days.

•      (2010天津4)We _______ on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.

•      A. are working     B. have been working       C. worked        D. had worked

五，强调句

•      However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. 然而，正是海顿鼓励贝多芬搬到维也纳的。

•      强调结构：it is/was +被强调部分+that/who...如果强调的是人，则既可用that也可用who引导。这一句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分。

•      eg: It was because she was ill that they didn't ask her to do the job.

•      (2008天津，8) It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

•       A. how B. which C. that D. where

六，重点句型

1， The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.

•      直到 20 世纪 20 年代，阿富汗人和他们的骆驼还在做着这样的工作。

•      until 直到 可作连词，亦可作介词 常用结构： not… until… 直到 …… 才

•      拓展：

•      1) It is/was not until … that … 直到 …… 才 ……

•      2) Not until 位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序。

•      (2007天津,8)It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____we’ve actually had that lesson.

•      A.until B. after C. since D. when

2，It’s been six years since we last saw each other, you know.

•      你知道，自从我们上次见面以来已过去六年了。

•      It has been/is + 一段时间 + since + ...

•      自从…以来已有多长时间了

•      典例：

•      It’s three years since he left for Australia. 自从他去加拿大以来已三年了。

•      = Three years have passed since he left for Australia.

3，And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.

•      这是我第一次访问你的家乡。

•      This is the first/second/third time +现在完成时的从句

•      表示“这是某人首次/第二次/第三次做某事”

•      典例：

•      This is  the first time I have been here, so I don’t know the way around.

•      这是我第一次到这儿来，所以不了解周围的路。

•      【温馨提示】

•      当前面的系动词为was时，其后的从句则要用过去完成时。

七，常考句型

1，In other words，there are three times as many girls as boys.

  换句话说，女生人数是男生人数的三倍。

句中有倍数的表达法。

【知识拓展】

常见的表达倍数的句式有：

(1)A+谓语+倍数+as+ adj. /adv. +as +B

(2)A+谓语+倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than +B

(3)A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/depth/weight等)+of +B

即景活用

句型转换

This road is four times as long as that one.

→  This road is 4 times                     of that one.

→  This road is 3 times                      that one.

2，I don’t think I will be bored in Ms. Shen’s class！

  我觉得听沈老师的课我不会厌倦！

•      don’t think是否定转移；think之后接否定内容的宾语从句时，常把否定结构移到主句的谓语动词think前，译成汉语时，仍将宾语从句译成否定意义。除think外，下列动词也存在这种用法，例如

•      believe，suppose,imagine，expect等。否定转移还要另外两个条件，主句的主语是第一人称以及主句谓语动词是一般现在时。

•      【温馨提示】

•      要注意否定转移中反意疑问句的构成。当主句主语是第一人称时，其反意疑问句要与从句的主语和谓语相对应，且用肯定形式。

  即景活用

•       Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her husband is able to design a digital camera，

•      ________？

•      A．is he  B．isn’t he  C．doesn’t she  D．does she

3，It is hard to think of a world without metals.

  很难想像一个没有金属的世界。

•      此句为It is +adj. +to do...句式。

•      【知识整合】

•      it作形式主语，代替不定式(或不定式复合结构)或从句。

•      It’s+ adj. +for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做……

•      It’s+ adj.+ of sb. to do sth.某人如此…而做…

•      It’s+ adj.+ that从句

•      以上句型中,当形容词表示人的性格特征时用of,指做某事的特点时用for。

 即景活用

•      It’s necessary ________ to practise reading English aloud every morning.

•      A．for you  B．of you  C．by you  D．with you

4，I never used to enjoy science，but last year I changed schools，and the science teachers at my new school are excellent.    

  我过去从不喜欢理科，但去年我转学了，新学校里的理科老师很优秀。

•       used to意为，过去常常，后接动词原形。

【联想拓展】

•       be used to (doing) sth.

•       习惯于做某事

   get/become used to

   表示逐渐习惯于，慢慢习惯于。

   be used to do sth.

  表示被用来做……,是use sth. to do sth.的被动   

•       形式。

•      【重点提示】

•      used to do的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to；疑问句形式是Did...use...？或Used...to...？

•      【妙辨异同】

•      used to do，be used to doing与be used to do

•      used to do

•      表示过去经常做某事，也可表示过去的状态。

•      be used to doing

•      意为习惯于，be也可换成get与become。

•      be used to do意为被用于做……，是被动语态。

即景活用

•      The country life he  was used to  ________ greatly since 1992.

•      A．change  B．has changed  C．changing  D．have changed

八，练习

•       1. —What do you think is the difference between______ man and_____ woman?  —I don’t think there’s any difference. A. the; the         B. a; a           C. /；/           D. a; the

•       2. —When did you meet her last?—I don’t remember exactly, but I’m sure it was_________ Friday when I went to the shop to buy _________football. A. a; a            B. /；a          C. the；/          D. /；/

•       3.—Do you know Li Ming?  —Li Ming? Which one? I know_______ Li Ming in our class very well. He is______ Lei Feng of our times. A. /；/            B. a; a           C. a; the          D. the; the

•       4. —I find it very difficult to read ______ novel you lent me last week.  —Yes. It’s necessary to have______ good knowledge of history.  

•       A. the；/          B. a；/           C. the; a          D. a; a

•       5. The big swimming pool in our school was completed in______ May of 1998, not in _______ April, 1996.

•       A. /; /             B. the; /         C. the; a          D. /; a

•       6. A lot of companies have created their_______ own website. This has made it very convenient for job hunters to gather_______ latest employment information.

•       A. /; /             B. the; the        C. /; the          D. the; a

•       7. The café provided ______ satisfactory service for me, so I ordered ______ second coffee.

•       A. a; a             B. a; the         C. /; the          D. the; /

•       8. —Do you know ______ English for “帅哥”?

•       — I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in _______ English language.

•       A. the; the          B. the; /          C. /; the          D. /; /

•       9. Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard?

•       A. a; a              B. /; /            C. a; /           D. /; a

•       10. —Have you seen __________ pen? I left it here this morning.

•       —Is it __________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

•       A. a; the            B. the; the         C. a; a           D. the; a

•       1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

•       A. Which B. where C. what D. in which

•       2.Do you know the man _______?

•       A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke

•       3.This is the hotel _______last month.

•       A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed

•       C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed

•       4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

•       A. which B. that C. when D. on which

•       5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.

•       A. which B. on which C. in which D. when

•       6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

•       A. where B. to which C. which D. in which

•       7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.

•       A. where B. that C. which D. there

•       8.This is one of the best films _______.

•       A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown

•       C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked

•       9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?

•       A. about which you talked B. which you talked

•       C. about that you talked D. that you talked

•       10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

•       A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which

高中英语语法

定语从句

Attributive Clause

概要：

    一，定义

    二，高考常考点：关系代词whose和 关系副词where引导的定语从句

    三，关系代词who, whom, that, which和关系副词when, why引导的定语从句

    四，限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

    五，as引导的定语从句

定义

定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句

    先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词

    关系词：连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系词。它具有连接，替代，充当句子成分三大作用。

关系词

    关系代词:    who, whom, whose, that, which

    关系副词：  where, when, why

高考常考点

    关系代词whose的用法：

    whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物,相当与of whom或of which。

    He is an  architect whose designs have won international prize.

    Which is the Asian country whose economy is growing the fastest?

    (2009天津,5)A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

    A. who     B. whom    C. whose   D. whoever

    关系副词where的用法：

     This is the house where I was born.

(2010天津,8) Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?

    You should try the barber’s         I go. It’s only 15.

    A. as          B. which     C. where       D. that

    (2007天津,11)Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____sight matters more than hearing.

    A. when B. whose C.which D. where

关系代词who, whom的用法

    who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom, 但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom:  介词+whom。

例句

    This is the teacher who often tells jokes.

    She is the girl who/whom I will go to Shanghai with.

     (She is the girl with whom I will go to Shanghai.)

    在定语从句中，who, that指人时可以通用，但在下列情况下则宜用who而不用that

(1)先行词是one, ones, anyone时，宜用who。

(2)先行词为those时，宜用who。

(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。

(4)一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。

(5)在there be开头的句子中，宜用who。

关系代词that的用法

(1)通常情况下，that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中不用that;另外，介词后面不能跟that,而要跟which。

The radio，which I bought last week, doesn’t work.

    (2)在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代替物时，一般可以通用。

    The plane that/which has just taken off is half an hour late.

    (3)在下列情况下，只宜用that,而不宜用which。

    A.先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形    容词最高级时。

    B.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。

     C.主句已有疑问词who或which时。

    D.先行词既有人又有物时，宜用that。

    E.先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等代词时。

    F.先行词前面有 only ,any few ,little,no,all, one of, the same, the very等词修饰时。

    G.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that。

关系代词which的用法

    关系代词which的用法。

    （1）在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which,不能 用that。

             London , which is the capital of U.K., is a very      beautiful city.

    (2)在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代物时常     常可以通用，但有时只宜用which,不用that。

    A.关系代词前有介词时。

         This is the hotel in which you will stay.

    B.如有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that,另一句宜用which。

         Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

    关系副词when的用法：

     He came at a time when we needed help.

     We will never forget the day when we join the Party.

    关系副词why的用法：

     The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party.

     Do you know the reason why he was late?

关系代词和关系副词的区别

   实际上我们只要弄清楚它们在定语从句中各自担任什么成分，就会很容易地作出判断。只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。

例句

    This is the house where I worked two years ago.（　　）

    This is the house (that/which) I visited. （　　）

    I will never forget the day when I joined the army.（　　）

    I will never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.（　　）

限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别

    限制性定语从句对先行语起修饰限制作用;

    而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用.

    非限制性定语从句中,先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开.

          He has two sons who work in the same company.

          He has two sons, who work in the same company.

As引导的定语从句

    As作为关系代词和关系副词可以引导定语从句。

    一、as的用法：

    The teacher is from Beijing, as/which they know from his accent.

    As everybody can see, great changes have taken place in China.

    (2009天津,14) I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.

    A. as         B. which       C. when       D. though

    (2006天津,12) The Beatles,         many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

    A. what         B. that            C. how             D. as

二、…such as…的用法：

      这样的人或物。

      This book is not such as I expect. (宾语）

    三、the same…as…和the same…that…的用法：

    the same…as…和……相同（同类）;

    the same…that…和……相同（同一）

    He works in the same shop as/that I do.

    He uses  the same book as you.

    四、such…as…和the same…as…的用法：

    such…as…像……一样的，像……之类；

    the same…as…和……同样的。