直击高一期末考试

                                       ---书本中的大智慧

 

 

•      一，动词­ ing 形式：

•      动词­ ing 形式是动词的一种变化形式，它仍然保持动词的某些特征，所以，它也有自己的时态和语态。动词­ing形式在句中既可以充当主语、宾语又可以充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。

•      在近几年的考题中，动词­ing形式的考查主要集中在状语用法的考查上，但也不能忽视其他用法，2009年天津卷考查了动词 ­ ing 形式作状语的用法。

 

•      歌诀巧记

•      现在分词语法动能：

•      现在分词真好记，动词后面­ing。

     它的作用真不小，可以充分当定状表。

      还有宾语补足语，忘记此项不可以。

 

  (2010天津,12) It rained heavily in the south.（    ）     serious flooding in several provinces.

•      A. caused   B. having caused    C. causing     D. to cause

 

•      (2008天津,4) _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.

•       A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown

二，近五年高考有关冠词考点分布表

【温馨提示】

注意区分a/ an：一般来说，an用在元音前，a用在非元音前。但注意下面的特殊例子。

错a Europe (European, one-way street, union, university, useful tool, usual way…)

错an honest man ( honor…)

错an 80-metre-high-tower

 

 

(2007天津,3) I wanted to catch _____early train,

but could’t get _____ride to the station.

A. an; the B./;the C. an;/ D. the ;a

 

(2004天津,24)When he left ____ college, he got a job as ____ report in a newspaper office.

    A. /; a B. /; the C. a; the D. the; the

目前高考试题单纯考冠词的定指、泛指等较少，多数结合具体语境进行考查。根据语境解题符合表达习惯是解题的最根本手段。

 

 

三，定语从句

Lu, Whose parents were born in China, spoke to Yang in Chinese during his flight.

爱德华·卢的父母在中国出生，他用中文与飞行中的杨利伟交谈。

此句中whose parents were born in China是一个非限制性定语从句，它用来修饰Lu,起到补充说明的作用。

联想拓展

     当whose引导定语从句时，它在从句中作定语，其先行词既可是人又可是物。修饰人时，whose+名词=the+名词+of whom=of whom+the+名词;

修饰物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which=of which+the+名词。

 

 

eg: Which is the Asian country whose economy is growing the fastest?

•      (2009天津,5)A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

•      A. who     B. whom    C. whose   D. whoever

 

 

四，现在完成进行时

•      Mr Wu's only been teaching us for two weeks and he's already very popular.吴老师教我们仅仅两周，现在他已经很受欢迎了。

•      这个句子用的是现在完成进行时，其结构是have/has +been+动词­ ing,它表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，并且还有可能再进行下去。

•      eg: It has been raining for 3days.

 

•      (2010天津4)We _______ on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.

•      A. are working     B. have been working       C. worked        D. had worked

 

五，强调句

•      However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. 然而，正是海顿鼓励贝多芬搬到维也纳的。

•      强调结构：it is/was +被强调部分+that/who...如果强调的是人，则既可用that也可用who引导。这一句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分。

•      eg: It was because she was ill that they didn't ask her to do the job.

 

•      (2008天津，8) It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

•       A. how B. which C. that D. where

 

六，重点句型

1， The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.

•      直到 20 世纪 20 年代，阿富汗人和他们的骆驼还在做着这样的工作。

•      until 直到 可作连词，亦可作介词 常用结构： not… until… 直到 …… 才

•      拓展：

•      1) It is/was not until … that … 直到 …… 才 ……

•      2) Not until 位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序。

 

 

•      (2007天津,8)It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____we’ve actually had that lesson.

•      A.until B. after C. since D. when

 

 

2，It’s been six years since we last saw each other, you know.

•      你知道，自从我们上次见面以来已过去六年了。

•      It has been/is + 一段时间 + since + ...

•      自从…以来已有多长时间了

•      典例：

•      It’s three years since he left for Australia. 自从他去加拿大以来已三年了。

•      = Three years have passed since he left for Australia.

 

 

3，And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.

•      这是我第一次访问你的家乡。

•      This is the first/second/third time +现在完成时的从句

•      表示“这是某人首次/第二次/第三次做某事”

•      典例：

•      This is  the first time I have been here, so I don’t know the way around.

•      这是我第一次到这儿来，所以不了解周围的路。

•      【温馨提示】

•      当前面的系动词为was时，其后的从句则要用过去完成时。

 

七，常考句型

1，In other words，there are three times as many girls as boys.

  换句话说，女生人数是男生人数的三倍。

句中有倍数的表达法。

【知识拓展】

常见的表达倍数的句式有：

(1)A+谓语+倍数+as+ adj. /adv. +as +B

(2)A+谓语+倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than +B

(3)A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/depth/weight等)+of +B

 

 

 

即景活用

句型转换

This road is four times as long as that one.

→  This road is 4 times                     of that one.

→  This road is 3 times                      that one.

 

2，I don’t think I will be bored in Ms. Shen’s class！

  我觉得听沈老师的课我不会厌倦！

•      don’t think是否定转移；think之后接否定内容的宾语从句时，常把否定结构移到主句的谓语动词think前，译成汉语时，仍将宾语从句译成否定意义。除think外，下列动词也存在这种用法，例如

•      believe，suppose,imagine，expect等。否定转移还要另外两个条件，主句的主语是第一人称以及主句谓语动词是一般现在时。

 

 

•      【温馨提示】

•      要注意否定转移中反意疑问句的构成。当主句主语是第一人称时，其反意疑问句要与从句的主语和谓语相对应，且用肯定形式。

  即景活用

•       Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her husband is able to design a digital camera，

•      ________？

•      A．is he  B．isn’t he  C．doesn’t she  D．does she

 

 

 

3，It is hard to think of a world without metals.

  很难想像一个没有金属的世界。

•      此句为It is +adj. +to do...句式。

•      【知识整合】

•      it作形式主语，代替不定式(或不定式复合结构)或从句。

•      It’s+ adj. +for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做……

•      It’s+ adj.+ of sb. to do sth.某人如此…而做…

•      It’s+ adj.+ that从句

•      以上句型中,当形容词表示人的性格特征时用of,指做某事的特点时用for。

 

 

 即景活用

•      It’s necessary ________ to practise reading English aloud every morning.

•      A．for you  B．of you  C．by you  D．with you

 

 

4，I never used to enjoy science，but last year I changed schools，and the science teachers at my new school are excellent.    

  我过去从不喜欢理科，但去年我转学了，新学校里的理科老师很优秀。

•       used to意为，过去常常，后接动词原形。

【联想拓展】

•       be used to (doing) sth.

•       习惯于做某事

   get/become used to

   表示逐渐习惯于，慢慢习惯于。

   be used to do sth.

  表示被用来做……,是use sth. to do sth.的被动   

•       形式。

 

 

 

•      【重点提示】

•      used to do的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to；疑问句形式是Did...use...？或Used...to...？

 

•      【妙辨异同】

•      used to do，be used to doing与be used to do

•      used to do

•      表示过去经常做某事，也可表示过去的状态。

•      be used to doing

•      意为习惯于，be也可换成get与become。

•      be used to do意为被用于做……，是被动语态。

 

即景活用

•      The country life he  was used to  ________ greatly since 1992.

•      A．change  B．has changed  C．changing  D．have changed

 

八，练习

 

•       1. —What do you think is the difference between______ man and_____ woman?  —I don’t think there’s any difference. A. the; the         B. a; a           C. /；/           D. a; the

•       2. —When did you meet her last?—I don’t remember exactly, but I’m sure it was_________ Friday when I went to the shop to buy _________football. A. a; a            B. /；a          C. the；/          D. /；/

•       3.—Do you know Li Ming?  —Li Ming? Which one? I know_______ Li Ming in our class very well. He is______ Lei Feng of our times. A. /；/            B. a; a           C. a; the          D. the; the

•       4. —I find it very difficult to read ______ novel you lent me last week.  —Yes. It’s necessary to have______ good knowledge of history.  

•       A. the；/          B. a；/           C. the; a          D. a; a

•       5. The big swimming pool in our school was completed in______ May of 1998, not in _______ April, 1996.

•       A. /; /             B. the; /         C. the; a          D. /; a

 

•       6. A lot of companies have created their_______ own website. This has made it very convenient for job hunters to gather_______ latest employment information.

•       A. /; /             B. the; the        C. /; the          D. the; a

•       7. The café provided ______ satisfactory service for me, so I ordered ______ second coffee.

•       A. a; a             B. a; the         C. /; the          D. the; /

•       8. —Do you know ______ English for “帅哥”?

•       — I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in _______ English language.

•       A. the; the          B. the; /          C. /; the          D. /; /

•       9. Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard?

•       A. a; a              B. /; /            C. a; /           D. /; a

•       10. —Have you seen __________ pen? I left it here this morning.

•       —Is it __________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

•       A. a; the            B. the; the         C. a; a           D. the; a

 

 

•       1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

•       A. Which B. where C. what D. in which

•       2.Do you know the man _______?

•       A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke

•       3.This is the hotel _______last month.

•       A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed

•       C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed

•       4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

•       A. which B. that C. when D. on which

•       5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.

•       A. which B. on which C. in which D. when

 

•       6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

•       A. where B. to which C. which D. in which

•       7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.

•       A. where B. that C. which D. there

•       8.This is one of the best films _______.

•       A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown

•       C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked

•       9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?

•       A. about which you talked B. which you talked

•       C. about that you talked D. that you talked

•       10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

•       A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which