语法专题——倒装

【高考完全解读】

1．掌握通常用全部倒装的情况。

2．掌握通常用部分倒装的情况。

3．在特定的语言环境中能熟练而准确地使用这些表达方式。

 

【高考题例】

1. He never said that he was good at mathematics, ________?                                                 

A. was he          B. wasn't he         C. did he           D. didn't he

2. it wasn't until nearly a month later ________ I received the manager' s reply.                       

   A. since           B. when            C. as               D. that

3. They have a good knowledge of English but little ________ they know about German.                 

   A. have           B. did              C. had              D. do

4. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ________?             

   A. wasn't there      B. was them        C. didn't it           D. did it

5. Never before ________ in greater need of modem public transport than it is today.                 

A. has this city been                    B. this city has been

   C. was this city                        D. this city was

6. ________,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.                                                        

   A. A quiet student as he may be           B. Quiet student as he may be

   C. Be a quiet student as he may           D. Quiet as he may be a student

7. ________, Carolina couldn't get the door open.

   A. Try as she might                     B. As she might try

   C. She might as try                     D. Might she as try

8. Only after my friend came ________.                                  

   A. did the computer repair               B. he repaired the computer

   C. was the computer repaired             D. the computer was repaired

9. He hasn't slept at all for three days.  ________ he is tired out.                                                          

   A. There is no point                    B. There is no need

   C. It is no wonder                      D. It is no way

10. ________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.                                                         

   A. So curious the couple was             B. So curious were the couple

   C. How curious the couple were          D. The couple was such curious

11. --________ that he managed to get the information?

   --Oh, a friend of his helped him.                                      

   A. Where was it     B. What was it      C. How was it        D. Why was it

12. In the dark forests ________ ,some large enough to hold several English towns.                   

   A. stand many lakes                    B. lie many lakes

   C. many lakes lie                      D. many lakes stand

 

【热点训练】

1. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ________ such a beautiful palace.          

   A. can you find     B. you could find     C. you can find      D. could you find

2. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ________ any end to their influence on man' s lives.                                                     

   A. there is         B. there are          C. is there          D. are there

3. I failed in the final examination last term and only then ________ the importance of studies.                

   A. I realized       B. I had realized      C. had I realized      D. did I realize

4. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________ with each other.                

   A. they had quarreled                   B. they have quarreled

   C. have they quarreled                  D. had they quarreled

5. Only when your identity has been checked ________.                                                       

   A. you are allowed in                   B. you will he allowed in

   C. will you allow in                    D. will you he allowed in

6. --Why can't I smoke here?

   --At no time ________ in the meeting-room.

   A. is smoking permitted                 B. smoking is permitted

   C. smoking permitted                   D. does smoking permit

7. It ________ we finished our homework last night.

   A. was not until 10 when                B. was until 10 that

   C was not until 10 that                  D. was at 10 when

8. Look! ________.

   A. Out the girl went                    B. Went the girl out

   C. Away went the girl                   D. Away the gift went

9. ________ I would see you here.

   A. Little I dreamed                     B. Little dreamed I

   C. I dreamed little                      D. Little did I dream

10. They arrived at the farmhouse, in front of which ________.

   A. is sitting a boy    B. sat a boy         C. a boy sat         D. a boy is sitting

11. Scarcely had they settled themselves in theft seats in the theatre ________ the curtain went up.

   A. than            B. when            C. before           D. as soon as

12. Not ________ on dry land.

   A. are all valleys    B. valleys all are     C. valleys are all      D. all valleys are

13. ________ France Viuard an excellent political speaker but she was also among the first members of the populist party.

 A. Not only        B. If only           C. Only             D. Not only was

14. ________ did we go swimming in the Changjiang River.

   A. Only           B. Once            C. Seldom           D. When

15. --Is this beautiful?

   --Yes, it is.________.

   A. Rarely before I haye seen this          B. Rarely I have seen this before

   C. Rarely have I seen this before          D. Rarely have I seen before this

16. Mary won't go to the concert tonight. ________.

   A. Nor does Peter                      B. Neither is Peter

   C. sO will Peter                       D. Peter will not either

17. ________ the plane.

   A. Down flying                        B. Down was flying

   C. Down flew                         D. Flew down

18.--You seem to be an actor.

--________ . I have played many parts in lots of films.

A. So do I         B. So am I          C. So I do           D. So I am

19. --I can't see the picture well from here.

   --________.

   A. Neither can't I    B. Neither can I      C. I can't neither     D. Neither I can

20. --You ought to have given them some advice.

   --________,but who cared what I said.

   A. So ought you    B. So I ought        C. So it was          D. So I did

21. ________ ,he never seems able to do the work beautifully.

   A. Try as he may                       B. Try as does he

C. As does he try                       D. As tries he

22. So carelessly ________ that he almost killed himself.

   A. he drives        B. does he drive      C. did he drive       D. he drove

23. ________ succeed in doing anything.

   A. Only by working hard can we          B. By only working hard we can

   C. Only we can by working hard          D. Only by working hard we' can

24. --Do you know exactly ________?

   --Sorry, I don't.

   A. how many rivers are there in China      B. how many rivers there are in China

   C. how many rivers are they in China      D. how many rivers they are in China

25. --This is one of the oldest trees in the world.

   --________ such a big tree.

   A. Never I have seen                   B. I haven't never seen

   C. Never have I seen                   D. I have seen never

 

【参考答案】

【高考题例】    

1．C  解析：复合句中的附加问句规则通常为：附加问句和主句的动词保持一致，但主句中的主语为第一人称时除外。例如：I think he was once good at his subjects．附加问句应为：wasn't he? He said Mary would visit their school soon．附加问句应为：didn't he?

2．D  解析：考查强调句型。句意：差不多一月以后我才收到了经理的回信。本句还可表达为：(1)I didn't receive the manager's reply until nearly a month later．(2)Not until nearly a month later did I receive the manager's reply．

3．D  解析：否定词little位于句首引起句子的部分倒装，选项A、C显然不对，因为后面是know。考虑前后时态的一致，应用一般现在时，故选D。

4．A  解析：此句中的陈述部分为肯定，故附加部分应为否定，而且主句是There be句型，故用wasn't there?

5．A  解析：never，hardly，scarcely等这类否定副词置于句首时，句子用不完全倒装，由此可排除B、D项；根据句中．．．than it is today可知与现在有关，故用现在完成时。

6．B  解析：本题考查as引导让步状语从句的倒装用法。这里的as相当于though，意思是“虽然，尽管”，从句中常使用倒装语序，把句中的副词、动词原形或作表语的名词、形容词提到as之前，注意被提前的名词使用单数形式，且名词前不用冠词a，an，the。A、C两项含冠词a，排除掉，D项把作定语的quiet提前是错误的，故选B，意为“尽管他可能是个沉默寡言的学生，但课下谈起喜爱的歌手，他话很多”。

7．A  解析：本题考查as引导的让步状语从句。as引导的让步状语从句的常见结构形式是：n．／adj．／adv．／v．＋as＋主语＋谓语＋主句。本题意为：无论Carolina怎么试，还是打不开门。

8．C  解析：“only＋状语”放在句首，主句要倒装，因此排除B、D两项；computer与repair为被动关系，应该用被动语态，所以排除A项(主动句)。

9．C  解析：此题考查的是固定搭配。It is no wonder表示“难怪”。A项意为“没用”。如：There is no point in getting angry．B项意为 “不需要”，没有D项这种结构，但可以说(there is) no way“没门儿”。

10．B  解析：此句考查倒装句的用法。根据句子中的that及句意，排除C。so修饰形容词或副词，故排除D。如果so及所修饰词放在句首时，应用倒装结构，故排除A。

11．C  解析：从答语中可知此题考查的是强调句式，强调的是方式，这一点可从答语内容推断出来。

12．B  解析：lakes不可能stand，排除A、D两项。再由表地点的介词短语位于句首引起句子倒装，排除C项。

【热点训练】

1—5 ACDCD  6—10 ACCDB  11—15 BDDCC  16—20 DCDBD  21—25 ACABC

 

 

【热点训练】

1.  Does _________ matter if he can't finish the job on time?

    A. this           B. that             C. he                D. it

2.  --Do you have my pen, Mary?

   --Yes, I have _________ right here.

    A. one           B. it               C. this               D. that

3.  Jack is ill. Have you heard about _________?

    A. him           B. it               C. this               D. that

4.  I found _________ to hear what he said.

A. that difficult    B. it difficulty       C. that difficult        D. it difficult

5.  I was disappointed with the film. I had expected _________ to be much better.

    A. this           B. that             C. its                D. it

6.  --Do you want a new watch?

    --Yes, I want _________.

    A. it             B. one             C.a                  D. this

7.  _________ is reported that he got seven gold medals.

    A. That          B. Word            C. It                 D. News

8.  _________ needs further discussion whether we'll build a library or not.

    A. We           B. He              C. It                 D. The thing

9.  Mary learned Chinese for about two years, _________ was, from 1996 to 1999.

    A. this           B. that             C. it                 D. he

10. It _________ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.

    A. was           B. are              C. were              D. had been

11. _________ four years since I left the Lao Shan front.

    A. It was         B. There was        C. There is            D. It has been

12.--Who is knocking at the door?

   --_________.   

A. I'm;Mary      B. She's me;Mary     C. He's me;Mary       D. It's me;Mary

 

【参考答案】

【高考题例】

1．D  解析：此句不是强调句型，前面的讧指时间。句型“It's＋时间段＋since。．．”表示“自从……多长时间了”，其中since从句用过去时，故选D。

2．D  解析：如果用until引导时间状语从句，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词，此处明显不对；考生容易误选A或C，但是如果用when引导时间状语从句，则应把some time换成表示时间点的名词；如果选since则前面的时态应换成一般现在时或现在完成时；此处选before表示“在……以前”，句意为“我们过了好长时间才意识到真相”。

3．C  解析：考查强调句型的特殊疑问句。根据后面的回答应该强调“他是怎样设法得到这一消息的?”所以应用how提问表示方式。考生往往不注意答语而做出错误选择。

4．C  解析：因为后面有that从句作真正的主语，此处用it作形式主语，表示这件事情被要求，所以要用被动，如果选A构成名词性从句，则要在后面的that之前加上谓语is。

5．C  解析：“他三天都没睡觉了，难怪他累了。”“It is no wonder that．．．”表示“难怪……”。

6．A  解析：此处运用了强调句型对what you do rather than what you say进行了强调。

7．D  解析：本题后面的that从句应为主语从句，前面用it作形式主语代替它，其他this，that都不能作形式主语。句意为“双边都朝着和平而努力是我们的希望”。

8．B  解析：C、D选项明显不对，此处应选one表示泛指，相当于a cupboard；考生容易误选it,但it是特指，应表示上文提到的a new cupboard，显然不对。

9．D  解析：根据后面的答语可知，应问你是否喜欢这里的环境，所以选it表示环境情况。

10．C  解析：此处it作形式宾语，代替后面的when引导的宾语从句，表示那种情况。

11．B  解析：这是强调句型，被强调的部分是状语。如果去掉强调结构则应用倒装结构：Only with the help of the local guide was the mountain climber rescued．

12．A  解析：根据句末的问号，就可排除B、D两项，因为都用了陈述句的语序；再者say是一个及物动词必须有宾语，所以用what提问，而不能用how提问。

13．B  解析：句意为“我一向诚实坦率，我并不介意我在对谁讲话”。前面的it是形式主语，who引导了一个主语从句，并且主语从句使用了强调句型。D项的语序有误，应该使用whom it is。

14．C  解析：这是not．．．until．．．句型的强调句说法，倒装句的说法是：Not until midnight did he go back home after the experiment．   

15．A  解析：本题考查代词的区分。it特指上文提到的某一事物；one泛指上文提到的一类事物中的任何一个；each多用来表示两者或三者以上的“每一个”；either则表示两者中的任何一个。前句提到了有咖啡和茶；后面应表示“你可以喝任何一样”。

16．B  解析：这也是一个强调句。句中强调主语“the ability to do the job”，句意为“是你做这项工作的能力重要，而不是你来自哪里或者你是做什么的重要”。

17．A  解析：这是一个强调句，被强调的部分又是一个主语从句。根据句意，第一个空应填what引导主语从句，what在从句中作 said的宾语；第二个空应填that，构成It was．．．that．．．的强调结构。

18．B  解析：这是一个强调句。对时间状语从句“only when I reread his poems recently”进行强调。句意为“直到我最近重新读他的诗时，我才欣赏到这些诗的优美”。

19．A  解析：本题主要考查了讧作形式宾语的用法。此处it代替 when引导的宾语从句。

20．A  解析：这是一个强调句，对时间状语about 600 years ago进行强调。学生容易误选D，把强调句和定语从句相混。在强调句中去掉“It is(was)．．．that．．．”句子仍然成立；而在定语从句中如果去掉则不成立。此处如果去掉It was和that原句仍然成立，可见是强调结构，应选that。

21．C

22．D  解析：注意在含有since引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是“It＋be＋一段时间”，主句的时态可用一般现在时代替现在完成时，since引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时；如果主句用“It＋was＋一段时间”，则since引导的从句要用过去完成时。另外，如果since引导的从句谓语动词是非延续的，表示自这一动作开始已经多长时间了；如果since引导的从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，表示“多长时间不做某件事情了”。

23．B  解析：这是一个强调句。

24．B  解析：这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。“作形式主语，放在句首代替that引导的主语从句。学生容易受汉语影响而误选for来表示她着急的原因，而for是并列连词，附带说明理由。如果填for，句子应改为“She was a bit worried，for her hair was turning gray．

【热点训练】

1．D  解析：it代替后面的订引导的主语从句。

2．B  解析：it特指上文提到的my pen。

3．B  解析：it指带前面的句子内容。

4．D  解析：此处it作形式宾语，后接形容词作宾补，真正的宾语是后面的to hear．．．不定式短语。

5．D  解析：it特指上文的the film。

6．B  解析：one表示泛指，相当于awatch。

7．C  解析：it作形式主语，指代后面的that引导的主语从句。

8．C  解析：it作形式主语，指代后面whether引导的主语从句。

9．B  解析：that was表示“即，也就是”，解释说明。

10．A  解析：本句为强调结构，强调Mike和Mary，其后面的动词be应用单数。   

11．A  解析：此句it指代时间。

12．D  解析：本句的it表示“与上文某一动作有联系的人”。

语法专题讲练——it的用法及强调句（一）

 

【高考完全解读】

    纵观历年的高考试题，不难发现对it及强调结构的用法的考查，命题人主要从以下两个方面进行考查：

    1．针对让作为形式主语或形式宾语的用法。

2．在强调句型中it的使用。考生特别容易把强调结构同定语从句和状语从句或名词性从句混为一谈，所以命题者往往注重这些方面的考查，我们应分清定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句和强调句型，从而选定恰当的连接词。

 

【用法全解】

    it虽然貌似简单，但它在调解句子结构方面发挥着重要作用，具有灵活、多变的特点，是高考常考的项目，因此我们应该系统掌握其用法。

一、it的基本用法

1．用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事物。例如：

—Where is my pencil-box?

    —It is right on your desk．

2．用于代替指示代词this或that。例如：

    —What is this?

    —It's a bag．

3．表示天气、时间、季节、距离、环境情况等。例如：

    ①It is Saturday today．(表示时间)

    ②It is sunny today．(表示天气)

    ③It is two kilometers from our school to the railway station．(表示距离)

    ④It is quiet in the classroom．(表示环境)

4．指代婴儿或上文提到的与某一动作有联系的人。例如：

    ①What a lovely baby! Is it a boy or a girl?

    ②—Who is knocking at the door?

      —It is me．

5．可用来代替整个句子或该句中谓语部分所表示的意思。例如：   

    ①You have saved my life；I shall never forget it.(it指You have saved my life．)

    ②Alan is trying to win a scholarship to Harvard University； He won't find it easy．(it指

trying to win a scholarship to Harvard University．)

6．it作形式主语或形式宾语来代替后面真正的主语或宾语，这种情况句子末尾的真正主

语或宾语通常由不定式、动名词或从句来担任。例如：

    ①It took me more than two hours to finish the work．

    ②I consider it my duty to help him．

    ③I don't like it when you shout at me．

    ④I think it no use arguing with him．

二、强调结构

运用强调句式时，应注意以下特点：

1．基本构成方式：“It is(was)＋被强调部分＋that(who)＋句子的其余部分”

    即：把强调的部分置于It is(was)之后，句子的其他部分置于that(who)之后。当被强调的

部分是人时，可以用who，也可以用that；当被强调的部分是物或其他状语等时，只能用that。

特别应注意：强调时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语时不能用when，where，why，

how等代替that。例如： 

①It was with great difficulty that the boy gathered the strength to speak, but he spoke with a

frightful emphasis.

②It was the first time that I longed for a new day to come.

③It was in the library that I left my book.

2．强调结构的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句

    一般疑问句形式为：Is／Was＋被强调部分＋that／who＋句子的其余部分?

    特殊疑问句形式为：特殊疑问词Who／When／Where／How／Why＋is／was＋it＋that

＋句子的其余部分?例如：

    陈述句：It was you that came yesterday．

    一般疑问句：Was it you that came yesterday?

    特殊疑问句：Who was it that came yesterday?

    陈述句：It was last night that they had a get-together with the workers．

    一般疑问句：Was it last night that they had a get-together with the workers?

    特殊疑问句：When was it that they had a get-together with the workers?

3．当使用强调结构强调主语时，that／who后边的动词应和被强调的主语保持一致。例如：

    ①It is he that is to blame．

    ②It is I who am to blame．

4．强调结构中的谓语动词be可以演变为might be或must have been等形式。例如：

①It might be tomorrow that we should arrive.

②It must have been in the street that you met him.

5．注意强调句式和某些以让开头但含有定语从句、状语从句或名词性从句的复合句的

区别。前者是把强调的部分提前，因此去掉It be和that后，可还原为原来句子的语序，但后者不能还原。例如：

    新中国成立于1949年10月1日。

①It was on October 1,1949 that New China was founded.

②It was October 1,1949 when New China was founded.

第①句是强调结构，可还原为：On October 1，1949 New China was founded．

或：New China was founded On October 1，1949．

第②句是when引导的定语从句，不能还原为：New China was founded October 1，1949．

 

【高考题例】

1.  That was really a splendid evening. It's years __________ I en- joyed myself so much.                   

A. when          B. that             C. before             D. since

2.  It was some time __________ we realized the truth.

    A. when          B. until            C. since              D. before

3.  -- __________ that he managed to get the information?

   -- Oh, a friend of his helped him.                                     

A. Where was it   B. What was it       C. How was it         D. Why was it

4.  __________ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.    

    A. What is required                    B. What requires

    C. It is required                       D. It requires

5.  He hasn't slept at all for three days. __________ he is fired out.

    A. There is no point                    B. There is no need

    C. It is no wonder                     D. It is no way

6.  It is what you do rather than what you say __________ matters.

    A. that           B. what            C. which              D. this

7.  The Foreign Minister said," __________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."         

    A. This is         B. There is          C. That is            D. It is

8.  We needed a new cupboard for the chickert. So Peter made__________ from some wood we had.         

A. it             B. one             C. himself            D. another

9.  --Do you like __________ here ?

    --Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.                    

    A. this           B. these            C. that               D. it

10. I like __________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.                       

A. this           B. that              C. it                D. one

11. It was only with the help of the local guide __________.

A. was the mountain climber rescued     

B. that the mountain cliraber was rescued

C. when the mountain climber was rescued

D. then the mountain climber was rescued

12. Why! I have nothing to confess. __________ you want me to say?                        

    A. What is it that   B. What it is that     C. How is it that       D. How it is that

13. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter __________ I'm talking to.         

    A. who is it       B. who it is          C. it is who           D. it is whom

14. It was __________ back home after the experiment.

    A. not until midnight did he go           B. until midnight that he didn't go

    C. not until midnight that he went         D. until midnight when he didn't go

15. --There's coffee and tea; you can have

    --Thanks.                                                       

    A. either         B. each             C. one               D. it

16. It is the ability to. do the job __________ matters not where you come from or what you are.               

    A. one           B. that             C. what               D. it

17. It was __________ he said __________ disappointed me.

    A. what; that      B. that; that         C. what; what         D. that; what

18. It was only when I reread his poems recently __________ I began to appreciate their beauty.

    A. until          B. that              C. then              D. so

19. I hate _________ when people talk with their mouths full.

    A. it             B. that             C. these              D. them

20. It was about 600 years ago _________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

    A. that           B. until             C. before             D. when

21. It was not until 1920 _________ regular radio broadcast began.

    A. while          B. which           C. that               D. since

22.--What was the party like?

文学电影目录单：

Faust浮士德       

The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人

Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记

Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记

Oliver Twist雾都孤儿（新旧版）

Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见（新旧版）

Jane Eyre简·爱

Wuthering heights呼啸山庄 

Tess 苔丝

Moby Dick《大白鲸》

______________________________________________________________________

 

以下为上述影片播放完后的备用片：

《贝尔武甫》 Beowulf

《哈姆雷特》Hamlet (王子复仇记)

《罗密欧与朱丽叶》  Romeo and Juliet

《莎翁情史》Shakespeare in love 

《劫后英雄传》Ivanhoe

《成为奥斯丁》Becoming Jane

《大卫·科伯菲尔》（块肉余生）（新旧版）David Copperfield

《双城记》A Tale of Two Cities

《孤星血泪》 Great Expectations          

《名利场》（浮华新世界）Vanity Fair

《战地钟声》For Whom the Bell Tolls  

《老人与海》The Old Man and Sea

《乞力马扎罗山上的雪》The Snows of Kilimanjaro