发表于：2011-01-10阅读：907次

语法专题讲练——it的用法及强调句（一）

 

【高考完全解读】

    纵观历年的高考试题，不难发现对it及强调结构的用法的考查，命题人主要从以下两个方面进行考查：

    1．针对让作为形式主语或形式宾语的用法。

2．在强调句型中it的使用。考生特别容易把强调结构同定语从句和状语从句或名词性从句混为一谈，所以命题者往往注重这些方面的考查，我们应分清定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句和强调句型，从而选定恰当的连接词。

 

【用法全解】

    it虽然貌似简单，但它在调解句子结构方面发挥着重要作用，具有灵活、多变的特点，是高考常考的项目，因此我们应该系统掌握其用法。

一、it的基本用法

1．用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事物。例如：

—Where is my pencil-box?

    —It is right on your desk．

2．用于代替指示代词this或that。例如：

    —What is this?

    —It's a bag．

3．表示天气、时间、季节、距离、环境情况等。例如：

    ①It is Saturday today．(表示时间)

    ②It is sunny today．(表示天气)

    ③It is two kilometers from our school to the railway station．(表示距离)

    ④It is quiet in the classroom．(表示环境)

4．指代婴儿或上文提到的与某一动作有联系的人。例如：

    ①What a lovely baby! Is it a boy or a girl?

    ②—Who is knocking at the door?

      —It is me．

5．可用来代替整个句子或该句中谓语部分所表示的意思。例如：   

    ①You have saved my life；I shall never forget it.(it指You have saved my life．)

    ②Alan is trying to win a scholarship to Harvard University； He won't find it easy．(it指

trying to win a scholarship to Harvard University．)

6．it作形式主语或形式宾语来代替后面真正的主语或宾语，这种情况句子末尾的真正主

语或宾语通常由不定式、动名词或从句来担任。例如：

    ①It took me more than two hours to finish the work．

    ②I consider it my duty to help him．

    ③I don't like it when you shout at me．

    ④I think it no use arguing with him．

二、强调结构

运用强调句式时，应注意以下特点：

1．基本构成方式：“It is(was)＋被强调部分＋that(who)＋句子的其余部分”

    即：把强调的部分置于It is(was)之后，句子的其他部分置于that(who)之后。当被强调的

部分是人时，可以用who，也可以用that；当被强调的部分是物或其他状语等时，只能用that。

特别应注意：强调时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语时不能用when，where，why，

how等代替that。例如： 

①It was with great difficulty that the boy gathered the strength to speak, but he spoke with a

frightful emphasis.

②It was the first time that I longed for a new day to come.

③It was in the library that I left my book.

2．强调结构的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句

    一般疑问句形式为：Is／Was＋被强调部分＋that／who＋句子的其余部分?

    特殊疑问句形式为：特殊疑问词Who／When／Where／How／Why＋is／was＋it＋that

＋句子的其余部分?例如：

    陈述句：It was you that came yesterday．

    一般疑问句：Was it you that came yesterday?

    特殊疑问句：Who was it that came yesterday?

    陈述句：It was last night that they had a get-together with the workers．

    一般疑问句：Was it last night that they had a get-together with the workers?

    特殊疑问句：When was it that they had a get-together with the workers?

3．当使用强调结构强调主语时，that／who后边的动词应和被强调的主语保持一致。例如：

    ①It is he that is to blame．

    ②It is I who am to blame．

4．强调结构中的谓语动词be可以演变为might be或must have been等形式。例如：

①It might be tomorrow that we should arrive.

②It must have been in the street that you met him.

5．注意强调句式和某些以让开头但含有定语从句、状语从句或名词性从句的复合句的

区别。前者是把强调的部分提前，因此去掉It be和that后，可还原为原来句子的语序，但后者不能还原。例如：

    新中国成立于1949年10月1日。

①It was on October 1,1949 that New China was founded.

②It was October 1,1949 when New China was founded.

第①句是强调结构，可还原为：On October 1，1949 New China was founded．

或：New China was founded On October 1，1949．

第②句是when引导的定语从句，不能还原为：New China was founded October 1，1949．

 

【高考题例】

1.  That was really a splendid evening. It's years __________ I en- joyed myself so much.                   

A. when          B. that             C. before             D. since

2.  It was some time __________ we realized the truth.

    A. when          B. until            C. since              D. before

3.  -- __________ that he managed to get the information?

   -- Oh, a friend of his helped him.                                     

A. Where was it   B. What was it       C. How was it         D. Why was it

4.  __________ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.    

    A. What is required                    B. What requires

    C. It is required                       D. It requires

5.  He hasn't slept at all for three days. __________ he is fired out.

    A. There is no point                    B. There is no need

    C. It is no wonder                     D. It is no way

6.  It is what you do rather than what you say __________ matters.

    A. that           B. what            C. which              D. this

7.  The Foreign Minister said," __________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."         

    A. This is         B. There is          C. That is            D. It is

8.  We needed a new cupboard for the chickert. So Peter made__________ from some wood we had.         

A. it             B. one             C. himself            D. another

9.  --Do you like __________ here ?

    --Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.                    

    A. this           B. these            C. that               D. it

10. I like __________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.                       

A. this           B. that              C. it                D. one

11. It was only with the help of the local guide __________.

A. was the mountain climber rescued     

B. that the mountain cliraber was rescued

C. when the mountain climber was rescued

D. then the mountain climber was rescued

12. Why! I have nothing to confess. __________ you want me to say?                        

    A. What is it that   B. What it is that     C. How is it that       D. How it is that

13. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter __________ I'm talking to.         

    A. who is it       B. who it is          C. it is who           D. it is whom

14. It was __________ back home after the experiment.

    A. not until midnight did he go           B. until midnight that he didn't go

    C. not until midnight that he went         D. until midnight when he didn't go

15. --There's coffee and tea; you can have

    --Thanks.                                                       

    A. either         B. each             C. one               D. it

16. It is the ability to. do the job __________ matters not where you come from or what you are.               

    A. one           B. that             C. what               D. it

17. It was __________ he said __________ disappointed me.

    A. what; that      B. that; that         C. what; what         D. that; what

18. It was only when I reread his poems recently __________ I began to appreciate their beauty.

    A. until          B. that              C. then              D. so

19. I hate _________ when people talk with their mouths full.

    A. it             B. that             C. these              D. them

20. It was about 600 years ago _________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

    A. that           B. until             C. before             D. when

21. It was not until 1920 _________ regular radio broadcast began.

    A. while          B. which           C. that               D. since

22.--What was the party like?