现在完成时，是中考英语中一个常考的知识点，现给大家讲解如下：

　　1.基本概念：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

　　2.基本构成：助动词have/has+过去分词

    过去分词的变化规则：

    规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加ed构成,不规则动词的过去分词

见不规则动词表

　　3.中考考查范围：

 1）yet, already, just, before, never, ever, recently等表示时间的词作时间状语，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

  天津中考：------What are you going to do this weekend?

            -------I ____yet.

A.haven not decided B.will not decide C.have decided D.did not decide

 2）since, for 引导的时间状语，表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态

    上海中考：The Oriental Pearl TV Tower________thousands of visitors since 1995.

              A.attracted  B.attracts   C.has attracted   D. Will attract

 3）this morning, this week, today, now等时间状语用在现在完成时中

    河北中考：-----______Betty this morning?

              ----Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.

             A.Have you seen  B.Will you see  C.Do you see  D.Did you see

 4）have/has been to 与have/has gone to 的用法区别

河南中考：Mike ______the bookshop .I have to wait for him.

       A.went to  B.was in  C. Has been to  D.has gone to

4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

  现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、结果等；而一般过去时只表示过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，就过去的时间方面讲，只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。

  Tom has been busy now.汤姆现在很忙。（过去的动作对现在有影响）

  Tom was busy last week.汤姆上星期很忙。（过去的动作对现在没有影响）

5.判断正误：

   1）When have you got here?

      When did you get here?

   2) I have had bought the book two days ago.

     I have had the book for two days.

   3)I have just finished my homework.

I have finished my home work a moment ago.

   4)Have you ever met an American before?

     I have met an American last year.

    瞬间性动词（也可叫点动词或不延续性动词）表示的动作瞬间即可结束，不能再延续，因此不能与表示延续性的时间状语连用。

   5）I have left Wuhan for ten days.

      I have been away from Wuhan for ten days.

      It is (has been) ten days since I left Wuhan.

      Two months has passed since we arrived here.

   瞬间动词--------延续性动词：应逐一记忆

   become-----be     begin to study----study   borrow-----keep

   break------be broken  buy---have   close----be closed

   come---be here     die-----be dead   go-----be away

   get up---be up      have got-have    join---be in

   leave---be away     lose----be lost    marry---be married

   open---be open

6. 能力拔高测试：

  1)Where is Dick? He ________to the reading-room.

    A.has been   B.went   C.has gone     D.goes

  2）How long______he______the dictionary?

    A.has,borrowed  B.has, kept   C.has, lent  D.is, using

  3)He said he _______the league for two years.

   A.has joined   B.has been in  C.had been in  D.joined

  4) Some flowers_______by Li Ming already.

   A.have been watered   B.watered   C.have watered  D.has been watered.

  5)I didn’t go to see the film last night because I ______it twice.

   A.saw    B.have seen   C.had seen   D.would see

  6）He______from home for a long time.

   A.has gone away    B.had gong away   C.Has left   D.has been away

  7)How long has this shop_________?

   A.be open   B.been open  C.opened  D.opens

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