初中阶段,要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构(一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法,解题时注意找出关键词,正确判断出时态,按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性,注意对特殊时态的处理。
1、一般现在时:
l 用法:
1)现阶段经常性,习惯性的动作。例如:
I get up at six every morning.
He plays tennis once a week.
2)现在的状态。例如:
My mother is a
teacher. She teaches English in a school.
3)客观真理。例如:
The earth goes
around the sun.
4)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语:
often ,usually ,sometimes ,always,every day ,never ,in
the morning 等连用时。
l 构成:主语是I,
we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时,动词第三人称单数的变法如下:
一般情况
|
+s
|
以s,
x, ch, sh,o结尾
|
+es
|
以辅音+y结尾
|
变y为i+es
|
主语为第三人称和名词单数时:
肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数
否定式:S+ don't/doesn't
+V+其他
疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does
(否)No,S+do/does not
注意:have的第三人称单数为has
主 语
|
肯 定 式
|
否 定 式
|
疑 问 式
|
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
|
I am a student.
We/You/ They are students.
He/ She is a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ like music.
Many people like music.
|
I am not a student.
We/You/ They are not students.
He/ She is not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like
music.
Many people don’t like music.
|
Are you a student.
Are you/ they students?
Is he/ she a student?
Do you/ they like music?
Do many people like music?
|
l 当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时:
肯定式: S +
be +···
否定式: S+
be +not + ···
疑问式: Am
/Is /Are + S+ ···?
简略回答: (肯)
Yes,S + be.
(否)
No,S + be.
练习题:
1. --- May I help you, sir?
--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before
yesterday, but it ______.
A. didn’t work B. doesn’t work C. won’t work D. can’t work
2.______
the bus until it ______..
A. Get off, stops B. Get off,
will stop C. Don’t get off, stops D. Don’t get off, will stop
3.The
70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.
A. takes B. are
taking C. took D. will take
2. 现在进行时
l 用法:
1)说话时正在进行或发生的动作(动作是在说话时正在进行)。例如:
She is
having a bath now.
2)现阶段正在进行或发生的动作(但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行)。例如:
You are working hard today.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is
learning Italian.
The population of the world is growing very
fast.
3)频度副词always, forever等词连用时, 表示某种强烈的感情。如:
He is always trying out new
ideas. (表示欣赏,表扬)
4)表示按计划即将发生的动作(仅限于go, come, arrive,
leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词)。如:
The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock..
5) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语: now ,look,listen等。
l 构成:
be+ v-ing
v-ing现在分词的构成:
一般情况
|
cook-cooking
|
以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing
|
make-making, taste-tasting
|
以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时.
|
run-running, stop-stopping,
|
2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句 : S+be +V-ing
否定句:S+be+not
+ V-ing
一般疑问句:Is(Are)+S+V-ing?
特殊疑问:wh_+
be + S + V-ing?
e.g.
主 语
|
肯 定 式
|
否 定 式
|
疑 问 式
|
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
|
I am driving.
He/She/It is working.
We/You/They are doing something.
|
I am not driving.
He/She/It is not working.
We/You/They are not doing
anything.
|
Are you driving?
Is he/she/it working?
Are you/they doing something?
|
练习题:
1.I
don’t think that it’s true. She’s ______ lies.
A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told
2. How
______ you ______ with the new job?
A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on
3.---
Are these socks yours?
--- No. Mine ______ outside on the clothes line.
A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang
D. hung
3.一般将来时
l 用法:
1.将要发生的动作。例如:
I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
2.将要存在的状态。例如:
This time next year I will be in Japan.
Where will you be?
3.打算要做的事。 例如:
Are you going to watch the film on
television tonight?
3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语:
tomorrow next week
in 2008 等。
l 构成:
1. 助动词will(shall)+v
2. be +going
to +v
练习题:
1. I______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you
go to see me off at the airport?
A. am leaving B. am left
C. am going to leaving D. left
2.I______ to see grandma and help her with
some housework every week.
A. came B. am going come C. come
D. will come
3.We Chinese ______ the Olympic Games in
2008.
A. held
B. shall holding C. are
holding D. are going to hold
4.一般过去时
l 用法:
1. 过去发生的动作。例如:
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2. 过去存在的状态。例如:
They weren't able
to come because they were so busy.
3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday,three months ago,last year,in
1979,等。
l 构成:
S+V-ed
用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:
一般情况
|
+ed
|
以e字母结尾的辅音
|
+d
|
以辅音字母+y结尾
|
去y变i+ed
|
重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母
|
双写词尾字母+ed
|
2)一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):
主 语
|
肯 定 式
|
否 定 式
|
疑 问 式
|
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
|
I was a student.
We/You/ They were
students.
He/ She was a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ liked
music.
Many people liked music.
|
I was not a student.
We/You/ They were not
students.
He/ She was not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ didn’t
like music.
Many people didn’t like
music.
|
Were you a student.
Were you/ they students?
Was he/ she a student?
Did you/ they like music?
Did many people like
music?
|
练习题:
1. r. Mott is out. But he ______ here
a few minutes ago.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
2.---Hi,
Tom.
---Hello, Fancy. I ______ you were here.
A.don’t know B.won’t think C. think D. didn’t know
3.He
promised to tell me by himself when I ______.
A. come B. would come C. come
D. had come
5、过去进行时
l 概念:
1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如:
This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语:
at four yesterday afternoon,then,at that time/moment 等。
l 构成: was / were +v-ing
1)Daddy
promised me he ______ me a computer
A. was bought B. had bought C bought
D. would buy
2)They said they ______ do some sports if it
was fine.
A. were going
to B. went C. would going D. were going
6、现在完成时
l 概念:
1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already,
just, ever, never, before等词连用.如:
She has never read this novel.
2)表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since
(后跟点时间)等连用.如:
I have been a
member of the Party for 10 years.
I
have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.
注:在有for和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如:
He has died for 3 years.(F)
He has been dead for 3 years.(T)
注:①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如:in 1998, last morning等
②have/has been to 表示“去过”(去了又回来了)
have/has gone to 表示“去过”(去了没回来了)
如:Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)
Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)
l 构成:
have / has + v-ing
2)现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和see为例):
肯定句:S+
have(has)+V-ed
否定句:S+
have(has)+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed
一般疑问句:Have(Has)+
S+V-ed+?
特殊疑问句:wh_+have(has)+
S+V-ed+?
主 语
|
肯 定 式
|
否 定 式
|
疑 问 式
|
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
|
I /We/You/ They have been here before.
He/ She has been here before.
.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people
have seen the film.
|
I /We/You/ They haven’t been
here before.
He/ She hasn’t been here before
.
.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people
haven’t seen the film.
|
Have you/ they been here before?
Has he/ she been here before?
Have you/ they/ many people seen
the film?
|
练习题:
1.--How long ______ he ______ a
fever?
--- Ever since last
night.
A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have
2.My
bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?
A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank
3. I ______ you for a long time. Where ______
you ______?
A. Didn’t seen; did, go B.
didn’t see; have, gone
C.
haven’t seen; have, been D. haven’t
seen; have gone
7、过去完成时态
l 用法:
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 ”常与by
last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如:
She said she had seen the film 4 times.
When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the
students had begun reading.
By the time they arrived, the bus had left.
2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since
(后跟点时间)等连用.如:
She had worked in this school since it opened
25 years ago.
l 构成:
肯定式:had
+ V_ed
否定式:hadn’t
+ V_ed
疑问式:Had
… + V_ed
简略回答:
Yes, S + have/has had.
No, S + had
选择最佳答案填空
( )1.Well go swimming if the
weather______fine tomorrow.
A.
is B.was C. will be D.is going to be
( )2.It______five years since he has
left for Beijing.
A.
was B. has been C.is D.is going to be
( )3.Please dont leave the office
until your friend______back.
A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come
( )4.By the end of last year
he______about 1500 English words.
A.
learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned
( )5.Listen ! Someone______in the
next room .
A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried
( )6.You must tell him the news as
soon as you______him.
A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing
( )7.He told me that he______to see
us the next day.
A.comes B. came
C. will come D. would come
( )8.We cant find him anywhere .
Perhaps he______home.
A. is
going B. went C. has come D. would come
(
)9.The
teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth.
A.
is B. was C. has been D.will be
( )10.Could you tell me where the
railway station______?
A.
was B. is C. will be D. would be
( )11.We______to the Great Wall
several times.
A.
go B. were going C. have gone D.have been
( )12.It seemed that the old
man______for something over there.
A.
looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked
( )13.He was sure that he______his
wallet in the office .
A.
left B. would leave C. had left D. has left
( )14.You must study hard if
you______ want to fail the exam.
A.
wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt
( )15. Im afraid you cant sit here
. Sorry , I______know.
A.
dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt
( )16. As she______the newspaper ,
Granny______asleep.
A. read ,
was falling B. was reading
fell C. was reading , was
falling D.read , fell
( )17. Jim is not coming tonight
. But he______ !
A.
promises(许诺) B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
( )18. Whats her name? I______.
A.
forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
三、动词时态能力综合测试
( )1.He often______his clothes on
Sundays.
A.
washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
( )2.I’m Chinese. Where____