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初中英语中关系代词的用法有哪些
发表于:2016-10-12阅读:206次

初中英语中关系代词的用法有哪些


  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that which who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where when why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关于关系代词的用法,我们的英语家教做了一下总结。


  1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:


  Mary likes music that is
quiet and gentle.


  玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)


  The coat (that) I put on
the desk is blue.


  我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)


  2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:


  The building which stands
near the train station is a supermarket.


  位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)


  The film (which) we saw
last night was wonderful.


  我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)


  3.who whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whomwhowhom作宾语时也可省略。例如:


  The girl who often helps me
with my English is from England.


  经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)


  Who is the teacher (whom)
Li Ming is talking to?


  正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)


  注意:


  (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,whowhomthatwhich可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom”结构。例如:


  This is the house in which
we lived last year.


  这是我们去年居住的房子。


  Please tell me from whom
you borrowed the English novel.


  请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。


  (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:


  This is the person whom you
are looking for.


  这就是你要找的那个人。


  (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:


  The city that she lives in
is very far away.


  她居住的城市非常远。


  (4)关系词只能用that的情况:


  a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:


  He was the first person
that passed the exam.


  他是第一个通过考试的人。


  b. 被修饰的先行词为all any much many everything anything none the one等不定代词指物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:


  Is there anything that you
want to buy in the shop?


  你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?


  c. 先行词被the only the very the same the last little few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:


  This is the same bike that
I lost.


  这就是我丢的那辆自行车。


  d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:


  I can remember well the
persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.


  我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。


  e. whowhich引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:


  Who is the girl that is
crying?


  正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?


  f. 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,例如:


  There is a book on the desk
that belongs to Tom.


  桌子上那本书是汤姆的。


 

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