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定义名词复数解析
发表于:2014-08-14阅读:50次

  1、在比喻用法中:


  (1) cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:Careless
driving will cost you your life.
粗心开车会要你的命。Just ring
him up. It‘ll cost you nothing.
给他打个电话,这不费什么事。


  (2) spend 表示消耗用完。如:I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。


  (3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:)It takes
patience.
做这工作需要耐心。It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。


  2、从句型结构来看:


  (1) 三者的通常句型为:


  sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱


  it costs (sb) money to do
sth
做某事花某人多少钱


  sb spends time (money) on
sth
某人在某一方面花多少钱


  sb spends time (money) in
[on] doing sth
某人在做某事方面花多少钱


  it takes sb time (money) to
do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth
做某事花某人多少时间或钱


  sth takes sb time (money)
to do
某事花某人多少时间或钱去做


  sb takes time (moeny) to do某人花多少时间或钱去做某事


  (2) 用于以上意义时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:误:Thirty dollars was cost
by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。


  3、从所用主语来看:


  cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;


  spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;


  take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。


  如:The computer cost (me) $2
000.
这部电脑花了() 2 000 美元。


  It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花()1 000美元。


  I have spent all day
looking for you.
我花了 1 整天找你。整天找你


  I took an hour to write the
letter. (
译文同上)


  注:若 cost 不是表示花费,而是表示客观上地或被动地耗费,则也可用人作主语。如:Smokers cost the government a
lot of money every year.
抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。


 

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