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高中定语从句讲解+练习
发表于：2012-07-17阅读：1812次
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（一）定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who,
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from
Those who want to go to the museum must be
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most
The factory which makes computers is far
He likes to read books which are written by
The house which is by the lake looks
This is the pen ( which ) he bought
The film ( which ) they went to see last
4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to
Where is the man that / whom I saw this
The person that /whom you introduced to me
The season that / which comes after spring
Yesterday I received a letter that / which
5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known
He has a friend whose father is a
I once lived in the house whose roof has
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will
The classroom the door of which is broken
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is
（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied
The school in which he once studied is very
Tomorrow I\'ll bring here the magazine
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I
This is the boy with whom I played tennis
We\'ll go to hear the famous singer (whom /
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。
The manager whose company I work in pays
The manager in whose company I work pays
我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
注意：１． 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am
This is the watch for which I am looking
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is
The babies after whom the nurse is looking
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my
The man with that / who you talked just now
The plane in which we flew to Canada was
The plane in that we flew to Canada was
３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both,
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom
In the basket there are quite many apples,
There are forty students in our class in
Up to now, he has written ten stories,
（四）关系副词引导的定语从句
1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his
2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were
Is this the place where they fought the
3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed
The reason why he was punished is unknown
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：
From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上
译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”
通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上
A．作宾语时可省略
A．不可省略
B．可用that
B．不用that
C．可用who 代替whom
C．不可用who 代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only
China is a country which has a long
In the street I saw a man who was from
非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is
China, which was founded in 1949, is
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many
注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：
1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她还有其他哥哥。）
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）
2. All the books that have pictures in them are well written.
所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）
All the books, which have pictures in them,
所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）
（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some,
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li
There seems to be nothing that is
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。
There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
All the guests that / who were invited to
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever
4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to
After the fire in his house, the old car is
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school
5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the
Which is the T-shirt that fits me
6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things
Look at the man and his donkey that are
（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：
He married her, as / which was
He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。
2.
As is known to all, China is a developing
He is from the south, as we can know from
John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten
注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：
Tom was late for school again and again,
These tables are made of metal, which made
1. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last
注意：当先行词受the
She wore the same dress that she wore at
She wore the same dress as her younger
(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：
The way (that / in which ) he answered the
I don’t like the
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：
A. I
I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural
B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。
This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending
（五）but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：
There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = who don’t）
（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句） 刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。
2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
The news that he told me is true. （定语从句） 他告诉我的消息是真的。
The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. （同位语从句） 我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。
The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句） 他提出的问题让我们很为难。
The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. （同位语从句） 他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。
3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如：
A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is
The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. （同位语从句） 地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。
The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.
C. Pay attention to the problem how we
The problem is how we can protect the wild animals. 1. This is the train ____ we went to A. by which B. by that C. whose D. where 2. --Have you ever been to Rome? --No, but that's the city________. A. where I most like to visit B. I'd most like to visit C. which I like to visit most D. where I'd like most to visit 3. He keeps a record of everything he had seen there. A. he B. that C. which D. what 4. Mr. John said that Suzhou was the first A. that B. where C. which D. what 5. The TV play I watched last night is the A. which B. what C. whose D. that 6. Is this the museum you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 7. This is the very film I've long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 8. There is no difficulty can't be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what 9. Who is the person is standing at the gate of A. who B. that C. which D. whom 10. As a teacher, I seldom give my students A. that B. if C. in order that D. as 11. The house the capitalist used to live in is A. that B. where C. what D. when 12. This is the last time I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 13. My neighbors used to give me a hand in A. who B. that C. which D. whom 14. I now know why Mao impresses everyone A. which B. what C.／ D. now 15. This is the baby tomorrow. A. after C. whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after 16. She was no longer the woman she was. A. that B. which C. what D. who 17. That's the hotel last year. A. which we stayed B. at that we stayed C. Where we stayed at D. where we stayed 18. The doctor did all to save the wounded boy. A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he could do 19. Anyone this opinion may speak out. A .that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 20. The place you are standing used to be an A. which B. where C. that D. when 21. You've made the same mistake you made last time. A. as B. like C. which D. that 22. It is not such an interesting magazine I thought. A. as B. that C. which D.／ 23. you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D.／ 24. Mr Zhou, native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign A. whose B. his C. which D. that 25. I took my friend to the Summer Palace, we had some photos taken. A. where B. which C. that D.／ 26. Do you remember the day your sister was graduated as a A. which B. on which C. about which D.／ 27. The bus, was already full, was surrounded by A. which of 28. We all remember the days we studied together at school. A. which B. that C. when D.／ 29. Do you know the reason he didn't come? A. that B. which C. for D. why 30. He is the only one of the three got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had 31. I'm one of the students well in English in my class. A. who does B. who do C. which does D. who did 32．- Have you read the books? - Yes, I’ve read all the books _____ you A. which B. what C. that D. who 33. This is the very place _____ the A. that B. which C. where D. there 34. That young girl is not the one _____ A. that B. who C. whom D. what 35. He has four dogs, the biggest _____ is A. that B. about which C. of which D. which 36. The old lady had one son and two A. all of them; which B. none of whom; which C. both of whom; which D. neither of whom; that 37. The hard-working farmers and their A. whom B. who C. which D. / 38. The young fellow standing under the A. who B. which C. when D. that 39. We visited the factory _____ makes toys A. where B. which C. in which D. at which 40. They said that the host had enough A. who B. that C. which D. whose 41. The Chinese government has decided to A. what B. whatever C. which D. that 42. The reason ____ she gives for not A. 43．Mr. Green drove his car slowly until it came to the freeway _______ A. which B. where C. that D. when 44. I shall never forget those days ____ I A. 45. They moved on to the north tip of the A. 46. The day will come _____ people all over A. 47. America had more than fifty states, A. C. 48. I don’t like the way ____ he looks at A. 49. Don’t call me between 12 o’clock and 1 A. 50. In the past, Germany was divided into A. of which B. about which C. in which D. from which 51. Mr. Green questioned his son, ____ he A. 52. She hasn’t got enough money ___ she can A. 53. We came to a place _____ they had never A. 54. He is a man with rich experience, from A. 55. That is one of those books that____ A. 56. I’ll take you to a newly-opened market A. C. 57. I, ____ your friend, will try my best A. that is B. which am C. it is D. who am 58. The old lady, ____ had been killed in A. all her children B. all of her children C. whose all children D. all of whose children 59. On the bus I saw a student ____ I A. who B. whom C. which D. whoever 60. She will never forget September 1, A. which B. when C. on which D. both A and B 61. Alec asked the policeman ______ he A. with him B. 62. The paper ______ bamboo is made is A. which B. into which C. of which D. from which 63. The result is not the same _______they A. which; as B. as; that C. that; which D. as; which 64. The famous basketball star, ______ A. where B. when C. which D. who 65. "Who moved my cheese?”, ______ is A. which B. that C. it D. what 65. Beijing government puts more than 700 A. as B. while C. that D. which 66. Hellen is much more kind to the A. who B. which C. she D. that 67. The wrong you have done to him is A. this B. which C. what D. that 68. The old lady, ______ had been killed in A. all her children B. all of her C. all of whose children D. whose all children 69. The most favorite room is the tidy A. where B. when C. that D. which 70. On the third floor there are two rooms, A. one of them B. the larger C. the larger one of that D. the largest of which 71. Carol said that the work would be well A. which B. at which C. in which D. about which 72. That passenger was very impolite to the A. who B. whom C. what D. which 73. Another unmanned spacecraft "Shenzhou”, A. for which B. from which C. in which D. with which 74. We were next-door neighbors for three A. which B. this C. that D. same 75. The British are not so familiar with A. that B. so C. what D. as 76. The boy likes music and English, A. each of which B. but neither of C. neither of them D. each of them 77. The artist _______ the judge gave a A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; who C. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom 78. --When is your husband's birthday? --The same day of my birthday, ______ I can't forget. A. that B. when C. which D. it 79. On the bus I saw a student ______I A. who B. whom C. which D. it 80. Living in the central Australian desert A. as B. for what C. of which D. whose 81. Delia's going to join us, ______was A. it B. that C. what D. as 82. You can use a large plastic bottle, A. the top is B. with its top C. whose top D. the top of which 83. --Whose overcoat is it? --Maybe it's Julia's. She likes to wear, ______ was very uncommon is A. what B. which C. it D. that 84. The hours ______ the children spend in A. that B. when C. in which D. on which 85. Edison made a lot of inventions, A. which, I think are B. which, I think they are C. which, I think they D. I think, which are 86. --Do you have anything in mind --Well, ______ is okay with me. A. that; anything B. which; everything C. what; whatever D. where; something 87. Beijing was attacked by such a terrible A. and it was B. as C. that D. which 88. --Is this factory ______ the false wine --Yes. And also the one ______used to sell forged(伪造) cigarettes. A. the one; where B. that; that C. what; which &nb |
