辅导三、应试作文高分技巧

在应试写作中，很多考生只求“写对”：内容符合要求，要点完整，无标点、拼写和语法错误。事实上，这只是对写作能力的最基本要求。如果要取得高分，则要力求“写好”，那么下面几种方法可以对你有所帮助。

（一）  多样化句子

考生在应试作文中往往过多地使用“主-谓-宾”或“主-系-表”句式，读起来哆嗦，看起来就像记流水帐，以至影响作文得分。究其原因：主要是对各种类型英文句子的结构和特点不熟悉，没有掌握各种句子间的转换方法，缺乏使用多种句式来表达 统一思想内容的技能，而以下是使句子多样化的几个方法，希望对广大考生有所裨益。

1.变换句子长度，避免短句罗列

具体做法；使用介词after及连词and，but等，根据上下逻辑关系变通，连接不同谓语动词，要注意省略同一个主语，从而使之成为一个关系明确，层次分明，结构紧凑的句子。

1)短句罗列

▲     I had supper.

I called you up.

可改为: I called you up after supper.

▲     Tom said goodbye to the old man.

Tom went to school.

可改为:After saying goodbye, Tom went to school.

2)变相短句罗列

He put on his coat, and he picked up his hat and umbrella, and then he hurried to the school.

可改为: He put on his coat, picked up his hat and umbrella, and then hurried to the school.

2.变换句首

1)副词或状语从句放句首

Slowly he climbed up the mountain.

Where there is fresh water, there is hope.

Here comes the bus.

On the playground, the students are playing basketball.

2)介词短语放句首

With his help, my English improves.

Without a word, she hurried out.

On hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.

In silence, I could hear a needle falling onto the ground.

3)分词放句首

Having finished all his homework, he went swimming.

Dressed in red, I could hardly recognize her.

▲     She saw the boy in the street. She stopped to speak to him. She gave him a penny.

可改为:Seeing the boy in the street, he stopped to speak to him, and gave him a penny.

（二）  恰当的连接成分使句意贯通

在写作中一定要注重发掘要点或句子间的逻辑联系，从而找到并运用适当的连接词，在不同句中建立起有机联系。连接副词一般居句首，后用逗号隔开，它能承上启下，使读者对下文产生心理期待，令整篇文章浑然一体。

1.       连接副词

▲表添加: also, besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, as well, in addition, plus, what’s more …

▲表先后: meanwhile , earlier, afterwards, then..

▲表比较: while , however, on one hand.. on the other hand , instead

▲表结果: as a result, therefore, in this way…

▲表目的: for this reason, for this purpose

▲表举例for example, for instance, specially

▲表观点 in my opinion, as for myself, generally, personally, in other words, in a word, in short/brief  in summary

 例:

Personally, I think it a good idea for us senior 3 students to have daily exercise.

In addition, I need to get along well with my classmates and teachers at college.

However, there are also some problems with his teaching method.

As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol, because his invention has already changed our life.

2.       分词的使用

几乎每篇高考优秀作文里都至少有一个现在分词或过去分词做状语的句子。用分词代替谓语动词可使句式富于变化,使上下文联系紧密.

▲     She sat up and laughed, She became more excited in the conversation.

可改为: She sat up and laughed, getting more excited in the conversation.

▲     I was greatly moved by the story. I decided to work harder.

可改为: Greatly moved by the story, I decided to work harder.

▲     Her parents died. They left her an orphan.

可改为: Her parents died, leaving her an orphan.

▲     We went to see her. We only found her out.

可改为: We went to see her, only to find her out.

3.       定语从句

 定语从句是一种后置定语形式,用以修饰、补充、说明前面先行词或句子, 与使用两个独立句子相比,定语从句会使前后句子联系更紧密. 一篇好的文章至少具有一个定语从句,尤其是非限制性定语从句。

We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge.

The parents both expect the day, when his daughter can pass the national college entrance exam.

60% students are for it, all of whom are boys.

(三) 化难为易

1.       学会迂回表达

写作中碰到陌生内容,可以转换角度,将生僻的词汇用自己通俗易懂的方式迂回表达出来. 如

▲     他到深圳打工去了.

He went to Shenzhen and tried his luck there.

▲     蛇将冬眠.

The snake will have a winter sleep.

▲     我将忠心地感谢你.

I thank you from the bottom of my heart.

2.       用名词性从句表达一个名词的概念.

遇到难以表达的名词,可用名词从句或短语来化解难点.

▲     请告诉我你的住址.

Please tell me where you live.

▲     这本书是内容重要,还是形式重要?

Which is more important in this book, what to write or how to write?

(四) 感召性语言的使用

在应试作文中,一些感召性的结尾话语可以振奋人心又可深化主题, 往往会成为取得高分的亮点。 以下就是2007年高考一些考生的优秀作文中出现的感召性话语。

▲     I believe that this magazine will surely strengthen our ties, and I am looking forward to reading it. (07.安徽)     

▲     If everyone does one thing for our school, I believe we will turn our school into a better place to study and live in. (07.江西)

▲     And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.(07.全国Ⅰ)

▲     Once I leave for college, we can conveniently share our experiences and support each other no matter where we are . Their “nest” will never be empty.  (07.北京)

▲     May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe! (07.湖南)

▲     Hope they will give you more courage to live on. May you recover soon. (07.重庆)

▲     I think I will have a wonderful college life! (07.辽宁)

高考影响着众多学子的前途和命运。因此，随着高考的日益临近，各所学校的老师们都越加紧张地备战高考。如何科学合理地安排复习工作，在有限的时间里取得最好的教学效果，是各位老师们一直在研究的课题。下面，我谈一谈在第二轮复习中的一些做法，与各位同仁共同切磋。按照时间复习工作可分为三个阶段：

第一阶段，夯实基础

高考中基础知识题所占的比重很大，故扎实的基础是致胜的法宝。所以我们特别注重抓学生的基础。时间：从市一模开始到3月底，内容主要包括：

1、新课教学。第三册教材上学期我们教到12单元，本学期把剩下的4个单元教完，一周一个单元，每个单元大约需3课时。reading 和intergrating skills两课时，课后练习1课时。之所以要上新课，原因有三：一是起到调节作用。在紧张的复习阶段，学生需要接触一些新鲜的材料，一些活泼的教学方式，以消除倦怠的心理，达到更高的学习效率；二是以新忆旧。教材内容丰富，基础知识的复现率高，学习新课等于在复习已学的知识内容，达到温故而知新的效果；三是充分利用课后练习，因其设计有意针对高考，是较理想的复习资料。

2、课文知识点复习

与上新课穿插进行，利用《双语报》复习高一高二教材中出现的高考热点词汇、热点短语和热点句型。四个单元两节课，两天一次听写。本阶段对学生的要求：①完成报纸中的练习；②巩固记忆单词、词组、句型，做好听写。

第二阶段，发展提高

时间为4月份，主要任务是按高考题型进行专题复习，分为单选、完型、阅读、拼写改错和写作。此阶段老师要做的事：对近5年的高考真题进行解剖，重新筛选组合，分块对学生进行训练，每个专题大约需一周时间，包括解题技巧指导和实际操练。

书面表达的训练是重中之重。我们要运用了新教材的评价理念，在教学中进行了书面表达批改的新尝试，运作了批改的“多边互动”模式，即在书面表达批改中，尝试生生互评、师生互评、师生共评等作文评价方法，形成生与生、师与生之间的多向促动关系，让学生在明了自己不足之处的同时，能够有明确的努力方向，并能在同学、老师的帮助下提高写作水平。

学生要做的事：除完成老师布置的作业外，自行操练《五年高考三年模拟》里面的习题，以达到内化知识和技能的目的。具体做法：5天一个周期，一天一阅读，两天一完型，三天一语法，四天一拼写改错，五天一写作。

第三阶段，实战演练

五月份我们主要吸收各地名校综合卷的精华，对模拟卷进行重组、分析，在对学生进行查漏补缺的同时进一步训练学生的灵活应用能力。

当然，上述三个阶段的各种做法其实并非是孤立的，而是有机融合在一起的，比如每周一次的综合卷训练，贯穿始终的听写，特别是一直坚持的朗读和背诵。从上学期开始，我们还增加了晚读时间，利用晚自修开始前20分钟，让学生大声朗读，以增加语感。为了让学生能使用比较地道的英语进行表达和交际，教新课时，我们通常会挑选文章中精彩的一、两个段落让学生背诵，然后以挖空写关键词的形式去检测。新课上完后，我们打算每周让学生背诵一篇比较经典的小短文。部分老师一直在坚持使用《新概念英语》，对学生书面表达的提高起到了很好的作用。现在学生的作文中经常会出现一两个特别优美的句子，记得《双语报》的主编刘鹰老师曾说过：“训练学生写作最简单的方法就是copy，copy，再copy，将copy进行到底。因为高考英语书面表达中没有剽窃的嫌疑。”

总而言之，条条道路通罗马，只要能成功，采取什么样的方法都是可以的，只要学生考高分，你的教学方法肯定是可以借鉴的。

定语从句是高中英语教学的重点、难点，也是高考的考点和热点。要做好定语从句题，可从下面几个技法入手。

第一招：选用关系代词。

                            who  >  that   >  which。

1.适用条件：定语从句中缺主语、宾语或表语时。

2.用法解析：who>that 指人时，优先选who；that>which指物时，优先选that。

3．注意：关系式存在的以下四个特殊条件：1）that 前面不用逗号或介词。2）that即可指人又可指物。3）who 本身是先行词时,引导词用that; that本身是先行词时,引导词用which。4）要避免重复使用同一个引导词。

  例1、Those ▁ dare to break the law will be punished.

         A、who    B、that  C、which  D、\

分析：选A。常规记忆为：当先行词是one、ones 、anyone或those 等时，用引导词who，不用that。而现在可用关系式who>that直接选择A。

  例2、The old man told us everything in the past ▁ he had experienced with.

         A、which  B、that  C、where    D、when

 分析：选B。常规记忆：当先行词是all、anything、everything、little、nothing等不定代词时，常用that不用which。现用关系式that>which可直接选B。

  例3、This is the cave___ the villagers often hid when the enemy came.

 A .which  B、in which  C、that  D、in that

分析:选B.由定语从句中缺宾语选BD.再由特殊条件1排除D, 而 选B。

  例4、She studied hard，when she was in school,___ contributes greatly to her career.

        A. t h a t         B. so       C. so that       D. which

   分析:选D. 由特殊条件1知,排除A可选D。

  例5、They often talk of the persons and the things ___ they can remember.

A. w h i c h        B. who     C.  t h a t        D. whom

分析:选C.先行词是the persons and the things .由特殊条件2,可选C.

 例6. He has found that ___ he was looking for.

A.  that          B. which    C. who      D.  whom

分析：选B。 that本身是先行词，由关系式特殊条件3可直选B。