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准高三学生报班热
发表于:2014-06-09阅读:96次
刚刚落幕的2014高考之后,新一届高三学生的补课热潮风起云涌


名词性从句



 



句子成分:



主语;谓语;宾语表语同位语定语状语;补语;



 



句子结构:



1.    
简单句(五种基本句型)



2.    
并列复合



and, but, yet, or, then, so, nor, not only…but also, in
addition, therefore, however, …



3.    
从属复合句(从句)



(when, while, which,
where, because, that, who, whom, whether, if,…)



 



从句:



1.    
从句的概念:



2.    
从句的种类:



名词性从句(主语从句;宾语从句;表语从句;同位语从句)



定语从句--形容词性从句(限制性定语从句;非限制性定语从句)



状语从句--副词性从句(时间;地点;原因;结果;条件;目的;方式;让步;比较)



 



名词性从句:



   考点:1)缺什么补什么
2
)语序
3
)时态



 



A篇:主语从句



A1:由从属连词thatwhether引导的主语从句;



thatwhether引导主语从句时,它们在从句中不做成分,that没有具体意义,whether是否。(换句话说,当从句中不缺任何成分时,我们应当酌情选thatwhether



 



A2:由连接代词what,
which, who, whatever, whomever
等引导的主语从句;



这些连接代词在从句中做主语,宾语,表语,定语。(换句话说,当从句中缺主宾表定时,我们就该考虑选用适当的连接代词)



 



A3:由连接副词where, when, why, how等引导的主语从句;



这些连接副词在从句中做时间、地点、原因、方式状语等。(换句话说,当从句中缺状语时,我们要考虑选用适当的连接副词)



 



A4that引导的从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:



It+be+形容词+that从句



It+be+名词词组+that从句



It+be+过去分词+that从句



It+不及物动词+that从句



 



A5:从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。



That
they will come is certain



 



A6:区分thatwhichwhat引导的从句





























 



所引导的从句是否缺(主语, 表语,宾语,定语)



汉语意义



能否省略



that



不缺



无意义



引导宾语从句时可省略.



what





“哪一个”



不可省略



which





“什么;的人/物”



不可省略




 



 



B篇:表语从句



B1:系动词有哪些;



1) 状态系动词be



2) 感官系动词:feel; sound;
look; smell; taste



3) 持续系动词:keep, remain,
stay, lie, stand



4) 变化系动词:become, grow,
turn, fall, get, go, come, run



5) 证实类系动词:prove; turn
out



 



B2: 从属连词that/whether/because/as
if
引导的表语从句,其中从属连词在句中起连接作用,在从句中不做成分。that没有具体意义。



 



B3: 连接代词 which, what, whose, who, whom引导的表语从句,这些连接代词在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语



 



B4: 连接副词where, when, why, how引导的表语从句,其中连接副词在句中可以作时间、地点、原因、方式状语。



 



B5:主语是reason的表语从句要用that 引导,而不用because.



Why…is/was that



The reason for…is/was
that



The reason why…is /was
that



例如:



The
reason for his being late was that he got up late.



The
reason why he was late was that he got up late.



 



C篇:同位语从句



C1:由从属连词thatwhether引导的同位语语从句;



thatwhether引导同位语从句时,它们在从句中不做成分,that没有具体意义,whether意为“是否”。



 



C2:由连接代词what, which, who引导的同位语从句;



这些连接代词在从句中做主语,宾语或定语。



C3:由连接副词where, when, why, how引导的同位语从句;



这些连接副词在从句中做时间、地点、原因状语。



 



C4:同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开:



The story goes that William Tell killed the king with
an arrow.



Word came that their team had won.



 



C5: that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别:



1) 同位语从句中



that引导的同位语从句是对抽象名词的补充说明;



that只起到连接作用,在从句中不做成分;



that不可省;



2) 定语从句中



that引导的定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限定;



that不仅起连接作用,同时还在从句中作主语或宾语;



that在从句中作宾语时,可省;



 



 



 D篇:宾语从句



D1:宾语从句万花筒



(1)   
跟在及物动词之后的宾语从句;



大部分宾语从句直接跟在及物动词后:



He doesn't know where
the post office is.



(2)   
跟在双宾动词之后的宾语从句;



有些动词是双宾动词,所以宾语从句前要有间接宾语:



He told me what I should
read



(3)   
跟在介词之后的宾语从句;



一般情况下介词后只能接howwh-类连接词引导的宾语从句;



We’re worried about
whether he is safe.



Please keep me informed
of how everything is going.



只有在except, in, but, besides等少数介词后偶尔用到that引导的宾语从句。此时that 不可省略。



I know nothing about my
new neighbor except that he used to work in a big company.



(4)   
跟在形容词之后的宾语从句;



常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:



sure, certain, glad,
pleased ,happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised
.如:



I am sorry that I have
troubled you so long.



He is glad that his girl
friend went to see him when he was ill.



(5)   
it作形式宾语的宾语从句;



如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,这时要使用形式宾语 it

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