七、动  词

这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量词）”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）

1、be动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）

1）am—was, is –was, are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。

2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not)long. Her eyes are(not) small.

3）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.    Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

4）be动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式），are not = aren’t ，is not = isn’t 。

用恰当的be动词填空。

练一练：

    1、用be动词的适当形式填空。

1）I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.       2）The girl______ Jack's sister.

3）The dog _______ tall and fat.               4）The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

5）______ your brother in the classroom?       6）How _______ your father?

7）Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.          8）Whose dress ______ this?

9）Whose socks ______ they?                             10）Who ______ I?  

11）The jeans ______ on the desk.                          12）Here ______ a scarf for you.  

13）Here ______ some sweaters for you.              14）The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.   

15）This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.    16）The two cups of milk _____ for me.

17）Some tea ______ in the glass.            18）Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.   

19）My sister's name ______Nancy.              20）______ David and Helen from England?     21）There ______ a girl in the room.                         22）There ______ some apples on the tree.    23）_______ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24）There _______ some bread on the plate.

25）You, he and I ______ from China.

26）There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.

2、助动词（ do, does, did ）

do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = don’t, does not = doesn’t, did not = didn’t。

注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。

练习

1、用适当的助动词填空。

1) ______you like this magazine?   

2) The girl______like bread for breakfast.

3) ---What ______ she ______ at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.

4) ---Wha______ you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.

5) ---Did you see a Beijing opera? ---No, I ______.

6) He ______not visit a farm last National Day holiday.  

7) They______ not like playing volleyball.

8) --- ______Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he     .

9) ______Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?

10) ---How many kites ______we have? ---We have ten.

2、找出下列句子中的错误，将序号填入题前括号内，并改正。

(      ) 1)           Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival?

                    A       B           C

(      ) 2)         ---What do the boy have in his pencil-box? ---He has a rubber.

       A         B                     C

(      ) 3)        They doesn’t like the film. 

A    B    C     

(      ) 4)        Do Jim get up at six everyday?

                  A      B          C

(      ) 5)        Don't giving the ball to Liu Tao.

                   A    B         C

3、情态动词

情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。

我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。

注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）其否定形式：can not = can’t, must not = mustn’t, …   注意：may not和shall not（无缩写形式）

练一练：

选择填空。

(      ) 1) The sign on the wall means you       ______stay away from the building.

          A. must           B. can’t           C. shouldn't

(      ) 2) How many books ______ you see on the desk?   A. may     B. can     C. should

(      ) 3) It means you  ______ make noise in the library. A. should    B. shouldn't   C. can

(      ) 4) --- _____you like a glass of milk? --- Yes, please.  A. May    B. Could   C. Would

(      ) 5) --- ______you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t. A. Can  B. Can’t  C. Should

(      ) 6)  ______ we go to the park by bus?      A. May       B. Must       C. Shall

  4、行为动词

   就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。

    （1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：

A、一般直接加“s”，如：play – plays, visit – visits, speak – speaks ；

B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”结尾时，加“es”，如：catch – catches, watch – watches ；

C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“es”，如：carry – carries, study – studies 。

（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：

A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go – going, do – doing, look – looking ；

B、以不发音的“e”结尾的单词，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take – taking, make – making, have – having ；

C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ing”，如：

put – putting, stop – stopping, run – running, get – getting, swim – swimming, sit – sitting, begin – beginning, jog – jogging, forget – forgetting 。

（3）过去式构成规则：

A、一般直接加“ed”，如：plant – planted, visit – visited, pick – picked ；

B、以不发音字母“e”结尾，直接加“ed”，如：like – liked, hope – hoped, taste – tasted ；

C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“ed”，如：try – tried, carry – carried, study – studied ；

D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加“ed”，如：stop – stopped ；

E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：

是-am(be)-was-being；          是-are(be)-were-being；        是-be-was, were-being；

成为-become-became-becoming； 开始-begin-began-beginning；   弯曲-bend-bent-bending；

吹-blow-blew-blowing；         买-buy-bought-buying；        能-can-could-----；

捕捉-catch-caught-catching；选择-choose-chose-choosing；来-come-came-coming；

切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-drink-drank-drinking；

吃-eat-ate-eating；感觉-feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found-finding；飞-fly-flew-flying；

忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；

成长-grow-grew-growing；有-have, has-had-having；听-hear-heard-hearing；

受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；学习-learn-learned, learnt-learning；允许，让-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；

可以-may-might----；意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见 -meet-met-meeting；必须-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding；响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should----；

唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping；说-speak-spoke-speaking；

度过-spend-spent-spending 。

练一练：

1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。

drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________

have _________pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________

plant _________fly ________study ________brush _________

do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________

2、写出下列动词的现在分词。

put __________give __________fly _________get  ________dance ________sit_________

run ________plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________

stop __________take _________write __________have __________smoke _________ think__________ want__________ tell__________

3、写出下列动词的过去式。

is\am _________fly _______plant ________are ________drink _________play _______

go ________make ________does _________dance ________worry ___________

ask ________taste _________eat __________draw ________put ______throw ________

kick _________pass _______do  ________

4、用动词的适当形式填空。

（1）I ______to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _______to school with me. Yesterday we_______to school together. We like _______to school very much.      ( go )

（2）They usually _____lunch at home. But last week, they ____lunch at school.     ( have )

（3）That__my English book. It__new. But now it ___not here. It ___there a moment ago.  ( be )

（4）My sister likes ________very much. She often _______at our school festival. Last term, she _______a lot of songs in the school hall. She _____beautifully.    ( sing )

（5）What _____ he usually ______on Sunday? He usually _____his homework. Look! He _____his homework now.  ____he ______his homework last  Sunday? Yes, he_______.  ( do )

（6）Do people usually_____ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you ____moon cakes last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I___a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )