八、there/here be结构

1、there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was、there were。

here be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。

2、和have、has、had的区别：

（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） ；而have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物。

（2）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定——“就近原则”。

（3）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

（4）there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

（5）some和any在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。

（6）and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。

（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？

（8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What’s + 介词短语？

（9）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

练一练：

1、用恰当的be动词填空。

1) There ______ four seasons in a year.         

2) There  ______not any trees two years ago.

3) ---  ______there a post office near your school? ---Yes, there  ______.

4) ---How many stops ______there? ---There______only one.

5) There ______not any stamps on the envelope.    

6)  ______ there any birds in the tree?

7) There______  a shopping centre near our school last year. But now there______ no one.

8) There ______only three of us: my dad, my mum and me.  

9) Here ______some bread for you.

10) In New York, there  ______ a lot of rain in spring.

2、选用“have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。

1) I ______a good father and a good mother.   2)  ______ a telescope on the desk.

3) He ______a tape-recorder.               4)  ______a basketball in the playground.

5) They ______ a nice garden.              6) My father ______ a story-book last year.

7)  ______a reading-room in the building?   8) What does Mike ______?

9) ______any books in the bookcase?       10) How many students ______in the classroom?

11)  ______a story-book on the table a moment ago.    12) What do you ______?

13) My parents ______some nice pictures.     14)   ______ some maps on the wall.

15)  ______a map of the world on the wall.   16) David’s friends ______ some tents.

17) __________ many children on the hill.

九、some，any的用法

some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。

例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句）  

There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）

There aren’t any lamps in the study.（否定句）

Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句）

Would you like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答）

Do you want to take any photos at the party? （一般疑问句）

练一练：

选用some或any填空。

1) There isn’t ______milk in the fridge.  

2) I can see______cars, but I can’t see______buses.

3) He has ______ friends in England.     

4) Were there  ______fruit trees on the farm?

5) Here are  ______presents for you.

6) Does Tom want to take ______ photos?

7) Is there______rice in the kitchen?

8) There are______new buildings in our school.  

9)---Would you like______ cakes? ---No, I’d not like ______cakes, but I’d like ______coffee.

10) ---Are there______pictures on the wall? ---No, there aren’t ______pictures.