HCl

6HCl +2Al＝2AlCl₃+3H₂↑                   2HCl +Fe＝FeCl₂+H₂↑

4HCl(浓)+MnO₂ MnCl₂+Cl₂+2H₂O         4HCl(g)+O₂ 2Cl₂+2H₂O

16HCl+2KMnO₄＝2KCl+2MnCl₂+5Cl₂+8H₂O

14HCl+K₂Cr₂O₇＝2KCl+2CrCl₃+3Cl₂+7H₂O     HCl +NH₃＝NH₄Cl(白烟)

2HCl +FeO＝FeCl₂+3H₂O                    6HCl +Fe₂O₃＝2FeCl₃+3H₂O

8HCl(浓) +Fe₃O₄ FeCl₂+2FeCl₃+4H₂O       HCl +Na₃PO₄＝Na₂HPO₄+NaCl

HCl +Na₂HPO₄＝NaH₂PO₄+NaCl               HCl +NaH₂PO₄＝H₃PO₄+NaCl

HCl +Na₂CO₃＝NaHCO₃+NaCl                 HCl +NaHCO₃＝NaCl+H₂O+CO₂

HBr

HBr + NaOH = NaBr + H₂O

2HBr + Cl₂ = 2HCl + Br₂

HI

2HI H₂+I₂

2HI + Cl₂ = 2HCl + I₂            HI + NaOH = NaI + H₂O

H₂O

2F₂ +2H₂O＝4HF+O₂               Cl₂+H₂O＝HCl+HClO

2Na+2H₂O＝2NaOH+H₂↑          Mg+2H₂O＝Mg(OH)₂+H₂↑

3Fe+4H₂O(g) Fe₃O₄+4H₂       2H₂O 2H₂↑+O₂

SO₂+H₂O＝H₂SO₃                 SO₃+H₂O＝H₂SO₄

3NO₂+H₂O＝2HNO₃+NO           N₂O₅+H₂O＝2HNO₃

P₂O₅+H₂O(冷)＝2HPO₃             P₂O₅+3H₂O(热)＝2H₃PO₄

CO₂+H₂O＝H₂CO₃

H₂O₂

2H₂O₂＝2H₂O+O₂↑                H₂O₂ + Cl₂＝2HCl+O₂

5H₂O₂ + 2KMnO₄ + 6HCl ＝2MnCl₂ + 2KCl + 5O₂↑+ 8H₂O

H₂S

H₂S + Cl₂＝2HCl+S↓                 H₂S + Mg＝MgS+H₂

2H₂S+3O₂(足量)＝2SO₂+2H₂O          2H₂S+O₂(少量)＝2S+2H₂O

2H₂S+SO₂＝3S+2H₂O                 H₂S+H₂SO₄(浓)＝S↓+SO₂+2H₂O

H₂S H₂+S                       3H₂S+2HNO₃(稀)＝3S↓+2NO+4H₂O

5H₂S+2KMnO₄+3H₂SO₄＝2MnSO₄+K₂SO₄+5S+8H₂O

* 3H₂S+K₂Cr₂O₇+4H₂SO₄＝Cr₂(SO₄)₃+K₂SO₄+3S+7H₂O

* H₂S+4Na₂O₂+2H₂O＝Na₂SO₄+6NaOH

H₂S+Fe＝FeS+H₂↑                    H₂S+CuCl₂＝CuS↓+2HCl

H₂S+2AgNO₃＝Ag₂S↓+2HNO₃          H₂S+HgCl₂＝HgS↓+2HCl

H₂S+Pb(NO₃)₂＝PbS↓+2HNO₃           H₂S +4NO₂＝4NO+SO₃+H₂O

 

H₂CO₃

H₂CO₃=CO₂↑+H₂O

 

HClO

HClO=HCl + O2↑

 

HNO₃

3HNO₃+Ag₃PO₄＝H₃PO₄+3AgNO₃

Al+4HNO₃(稀)＝Al(NO₃)₃+NO↑+2H₂O

3As₂S₃ + 28HNO₃ + 4H₂O ＝ 6H₃AsO₄ + 9H₂SO₄ + 28NO↑

 4HNO₃(浓)+C CO₂↑+4NO₂↑+2H₂O

2HNO₃+CaCO₃＝Ca(NO₃)₂+H₂O+CO₂↑

 

6HNO₃+Fe＝Fe(NO₃)₃+3NO₂↑+3H₂O

4HNO₃+Fe＝Fe(NO₃)₃+NO↑+2H₂O

30HNO₃+8Fe＝8Fe(NO₃)₃+3N₂O↑+15H₂O

36HNO₃+10Fe＝10Fe(NO₃)₃+3N₂↑+18H₂O

30HNO₃+8Fe＝8Fe(NO₃)₃+3NH₄NO₃+9H₂O

FeO+4HNO₃＝Fe(NO₃)₃+NO₂↑+2H₂O

 

3H₂S+2HNO₃(稀)＝3S↓+2NO+4H₂O

4HNO₃＝4NO₂+O₂+2H₂O(见光或受热分解)

 

NH₃+HNO₃＝NH₄NO₃(白烟)

(用HNO₃和浓H₂SO₄不能制备H₂S、HI、HBr、(SO₂)

3Na₂S+8HNO₃(稀)＝6NaNO₃+2NO+3S↓+4H₂O

3Na₂SO₃+2HNO₃(稀)＝3Na₂SO₄+2NO↑+H₂O

* 5HNO₃(浓)+P＝H₃PO₄+5NO₂↑+H₂O

P₄+20HNO₃(浓)＝4H₃PO₄+20NO₂+4H₂O

S+6HNO₃(浓)＝H₂SO₄+6NO₂↑+2H₂O

3S+4 HNO₃(稀)＝3SO₂↑+4NO↑+2H₂O

* S +6HNO₃(浓)＝H₂SO₄+6NO₂↑+2H₂O

 

H₃PO₄

4H₃PO₄+Ca₃(PO₄)₂＝3Ca(H₂PO₄)₂(重钙)

H₃PO₄(浓)+NaBr＝NaH₂PO₄+HBr

H₃PO₄(浓)+NaI＝NaH₂PO₄+HI

 

H₂SO₃

H₂SO₃+X₂+H₂O＝H₂SO₄+2HX

(X表示Cl₂、Br₂、I₂)

2H₂SO₃+O₂＝2H₂SO₄

H₂SO₃+H₂O₂＝H₂SO₄+H₂O

5H₂SO₃+2KMnO₄＝2MnSO₄+K₂SO₄+2H₂SO₄+3H₂O

H₂SO₃+2FeCl₃+H₂O＝H₂SO₄+2FeCl₂+2HCl

H₂SO₃＝H₂O+SO₂

2H₂SO₃+2H₂S＝3S↓+2H₂O

 

H₂SO₄

Zn +H₂SO₄＝ZnSO₄+H₂↑

Fe +H₂SO₄＝FeSO₄+H₂↑

Mg+H₂SO₄＝MgSO₄+H₂↑

2Al+3H₂SO₄＝Al₂(SO₄)₃+3H₂↑

2Al+6H₂SO₄(浓) Al₂(SO₄)₃+3SO₂↑+6H₂O

2NH₃+H₂SO₄＝(NH₄)₂SO₄

2Al+6H₂SO₄(浓) Al₂(SO₄)₃+3SO₂↑+6H₂O

H₂S+H₂SO₄(浓)＝S↓+SO₂+2H₂O

P₂O₅+3H₂SO₄(浓)＝2H₃PO₄+3SO₃

BaO₂+H₂SO₄(稀)＝BaSO₄+H₂O₂)

Na₂O₂+H₂SO₄(冷、稀)＝Na₂SO₄+H₂O₂

MgO+H₂SO₄＝MgSO₄+H₂O

Al₂O₃+3H₂SO₄＝Al₂(SO₄)₃+3H₂O

2H₂SO₄(浓)+C CO₂ ↑ +2SO₂↑+2H₂O

2H₂SO₄(浓)+S＝3SO₂↑+2H₂O

H₂SO₄(浓)+Fe(Al) 室温下钝化

6H₂SO₄(浓)+2Fe＝Fe₂(SO₄)₃+3SO₂↑+6H₂O

2H₂SO₄(浓)+Cu CuSO₄+SO₂↑+2H₂O

H₂SO₄(浓)+2HBr SO₂+Br₂+2H₂O

H₂SO₄(浓)+2HI SO₂+I₂+2H₂O

H₂SO₄(浓) +CaF₂＝CaSO₄+2HF↑

H₂SO₄(浓)+NaCl NaHSO₄+HCl↑

H₂SO₄(浓) +2NaCl Na₂SO₄+2HCl

H₂SO₄(浓)+NaNO₃ NaHSO₄+HNO₃↑(微热)

3H₂SO₄(浓)+Ca₃(PO₄)₂＝3CaSO₄+2H₃PO₄

2H₂SO₄(浓)+Ca₃(PO₄)₂＝2CaSO₄+ Ca(H₂PO₄)₂

 

I

I₂ + H₂  2HI 

I₂ +Fe  FeI₂

 

I₂ + 2NaOH = NaI + NaIO +H₂O

 

K

K

K + O₂ KO₂                          

2K + 2H₂O = 2KOH + H₂↑

K₂O、K₂O₂

K₂O + H₂O = 2KOH

K₂O + CO₂ = K₂CO₃

2K₂O₂ + 2CO₂ = K₂CO₃ +O₂

2K₂O₂ + 2H₂O = 4KOH +O₂

KOH

2KOH +CO₂ = K₂CO₃ +H₂O

KOH +CO₂ = KHCO₃

K₂CO₃

K₂CO₃ +2HCl = 2KCl + CO₂↑+ H₂O

K₂CO₃ +CaCl₂ = CaCO₃↓+ 2KC

K₂CO₃ +2AgNO₃ = Ag₂CO₃↓+ 2KNO₃

KHCO₃

KHCO₃ +HCl = KCl + CO₂↑+ H₂O

2KHCO₃ K₂CO₃ + CO₂↑+ H₂O

 

KClO₃

2KClO₃  2KCl + 3O₂↑

KClO₃ +6HCl = KCl +3Cl₂↑ + 3H₂O

 

KI

2KI + Cl₂ = 2KCl + I₂

KI + AgNO₃ = AgI↓+ KNO₃

KAl(SO₄)₂

2KAl(SO₄)₂ + 6NaOH = K₂SO₄ +3Na₂SO₄ + 2Al(OH)₃↓

2KAl(SO₄)₂ + 3Ba(OH)₂ = K₂SO₄ + 3BaSO₄↓+ 2Al(OH)₃↓

KAl(SO₄)₂ + 2Ba(OH)₂ = KAlO₂ +2BaSO₄↓

KMnO₄

2KMnO₄   K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂↑

2KMnO₄ +16HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl₂ +5Cl₂↑ + 8H₂O

2KMnO₄ + 5H₂O₂ + 6HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl₂ +5O₂↑ + 8H₂O

 

KSCN

3KSCN + FeCl₃ = Fe(SCN)₃ + 3KCl

KH

KH + H₂O = KOH + H₂↑

 

L

Li

Li + O₂ Li₂O                          

2Li + 2H₂O = 2LiOH + H₂↑

Li₂O

Li₂O + CO₂ = Li₂CO₃

Li₂O + H₂O = 2LiOH

LiOH

2LiOH +CO₂ = Li₂CO₃↓ +H₂O

LiOH +CO₂ = LiHCO₃

 

Li₂CO₃

Li₂CO₃ +2HCl = 2LiCl + CO₂↑+ H₂O

 

LiHCO₃

LiHCO₃ +HCl = LiCl + CO₂↑+ H₂O

2LiHCO₃ Li₂CO₃ + CO₂↑+ H₂O

 

M

Mg

2Mg+O₂ 2MgO                Mg + 2H₂O = 2Mg(OH)₂↓ + H₂↑

Mg + Cl₂ MgCl₂               2Mg +CO₂ 2MgO+C

Mg + S ＝ MgS                    Mg + Br₂ ＝ MgBr₂

Mg +2HCl ＝ MgCl₂ + H₂↑          Mg + H₂SO₄ ＝ MgSO₄ + H₂↑

2Mg+TiCl₄(熔融)＝Ti+2MgCl₂         Mg+2RbCl(熔融)＝MgCl₂+2Rb

 

MgO

MgO + 2HCl = MgCl₂ +H₂O

MgO + H₂O = Mg(OH)₂↓

 

Mg(OH)₂

Mg(OH)₂ + 2HCl = MgCl₂ +2H₂O

 

MgCO₃

MgCO₃ +2HCl = 2MgCl₂ + CO₂↑+ H₂O

MgCO₃ +2H₂O  Mg(OH)₂↓+ CO₂↑

MgCO₃  CO₂↑+ MgO

Mg(HCO₃)₂

Mg(HCO₃)₂ + 2HCl = MgCl₂ + 2CO₂↑+ 2H₂O

2Mg(HCO₃)₂ Mg(OH)₂↓ + CO₂↑+ H₂O

MgSO₄

MgSO₄ + Ba(OH)₂ = Mg(OH)₂↓ + BaSO₄↓

MgSO₄ + 2NaOH = Mg(OH)₂↓ + Na₂SO₄↓

MnO₂

MnO₂ + 4HCl(浓) MnCl₂ + Cl₂↑+ 2H₂O

 

N

N₂

N₂+3H₂ 2NH₃       N₂+O₂  2NO

N₂+3Mg Mg₃N₂     N₂+6Na＝2Na₃N

NO、NO₂、N₂O₅

2NO+O₂＝2NO₂

NO+NO₂+2NaOH＝2NaNO₂(用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和NO₂)

6NO + 4NH₃  5N₂ + 6H₂O  

NO₂+2KI+H₂O＝NO+I₂+2KOH(不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别溴蒸气和NO₂)

4NO₂+H₂S＝4NO+SO₃+H₂O

NO₂ + SO₂＝SO₃+NO

3NO₂+H₂O＝2HNO₃+NO

N₂O₅+H₂O＝2HNO₃

NH₃

2NH₃+3CuO 3Cu+N₂+3H₂O

2NH₃+3Cl₂＝N₂+6HCl

8NH₃+3Cl₂＝N₂+6NH₄Cl

4NH₃+3O₂(纯氧) 2N₂+6H₂O

4NH₃+5O₂ 4NO+6H₂O

4NH₃+6NO 5N₂+6HO(用氨清除NO)

NH₃+HCl＝NH₄Cl(白烟)

NH₃+HNO₃＝NH₄NO₃(白烟)

2NH₃+H₂SO₄＝(NH₄)₂SO₄

NH₃+NaCl+H₂O+CO₂＝NaHCO₃↓+NH₄Cl(侯氏制碱法)

2NH₃+SO₂+H₂O＝(NH₄)₂SO₃

NH₃·H₂O NH₃↑+H₂O

NH₃ + H₂O NH₃·H₂O NH₄⁺ + OH^-

 

NH₄HCO₃、(NH₄)₂CO₃

NH₄HCO₃＝NH₃+H₂O+CO₂

(NH₄)₂CO₃＝2NH₃↑+H₂O+CO₂↑

 

NH₄Cl

NH₄Cl＝NH₃+HCl

2NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂ CaCl₂ + NH₃↑ + H₂O

NH₄Cl + NaOH  NaCl + NH₃↑ + H₂O

NH₄Cl + NaOH == NaCl + NH₃·H₂O

NH₄NO₃

NH₄ NO₃ + NaOH == Na NO₃ + NH₃·H₂O

NH₄ NO₃ + NaOH  Na NO₃ + NH₃↑ + H₂O

5NH₄NO₃ 2HNO₃ + 4N₂↑ + 9H₂O

(NH₄)₂SO₃、(NH₄)₂SO₄

(NH₄)₂SO₃+SO₂+H₂O＝2NH₄HSO₃

(NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2NaOH == Na₂SO₄ + 2 NH₃·H₂O

 (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2NaOH  Na₂SO₄ + 2NH₃↑ + 2H₂O

Na、Na₂O、Na₂O₂

4Na+O₂＝2Na₂O           2Na+O₂ Na₂O₂          Cl₂ +2Na 2NaCl

2Na+S＝Na₂S(爆炸)        2Na+2H₂O＝2NaOH+H₂↑       2Na+H₂ 2NaH

2Na+2NH₃＝2NaNH₂+H₂     4Na+TiCl₄(熔融)＝4NaCl+Ti

 

 Na₂O+H₂O＝2NaOH             2Na₂O+O₂ 2Na₂O₂  Na₂O+SO₃＝Na₂SO₄

Na₂O+CO₂＝Na₂CO₃               Na₂O+2HCl＝2NaCl+H₂O

 

Na₂O₂+2Na＝2Na₂O(此反应用于制备Na₂O)

2Na₂O₂+2H₂O＝4NaOH+O₂↑(此反应分两步Na₂O₂+2H₂O＝2NaOH+H₂O₂ ；2H₂O₂＝2H₂O+O₂↑。H₂O₂的制备可利用类似的反应)

2Na₂O₂+2CO₂＝2Na₂CO₃+O₂

Na₂O₂+H₂SO₄(冷、稀)＝Na₂SO₄+H₂O₂

 

NaH

NaH + H₂O = NaOH + H₂↑

NaOH

2NaOH+Si+H₂O＝Na₂SiO₃+2H₂↑

6NaOH +3S 2Na₂S+Na₂SO₃+3H₂O

2NaOH+2Al+2H₂O＝2NaAlO₂+3H₂↑

2NaOH(过量) +CO₂＝Na₂CO₃+H₂O

NaOH +CO₂(过量)＝NaHCO₃

2NaOH +SiO₂＝Na₂SiO₃+H₂O(常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃)

2NaOH+Al₂O₃＝2NaAlO₂+H₂O

2NaOH+Cl₂＝NaCl+NaClO+H₂O

NaOH+HCl＝NaCl+H₂O

NaOH+H₂S(足量)＝NaHS+H₂O

2NaOH+H₂S(少量)＝Na₂S+2H₂O

3NaOH+AlCl₃＝Al(OH)₃↓+3NaCl

NaOH+Al(OH)₃＝NaAlO₂+2H₂O

NaOH+NH₄Cl NaCl+NH₃↑+H₂O

4NaOH  + AlCl₃＝ Na[Al(OH)₄] + 3NaCl 

2NaOH  + P₂O₅ ＝ 2NaPO₃ + H₂O        

6NaOH +  P₂O₅＝ 2Na₃PO₃ + 3H₂O

NaAlO₂

2NaAlO₂+CO₂+3H₂O＝2Al(OH)₃↓+Na₂CO₃

3NaAlO₂+AlCl₃+6H₂O＝4Al(OH)₃↓

NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaI

NaCl + H₂SO₄(浓) NaHSO₄+HCl↑   

H₂SO₄(浓) +2NaCl Na₂SO₄+2HCl

2NaI+Cl₂＝2NaCl+I₂

NaBr +H₃PO₄(浓)＝NaH₂PO₄+HBr

NaI+ H₃PO₄(浓)＝NaH₂PO₄+HI

Na₂CO₃、NaHCO₃

Na₂CO₃+SiO₂ Na₂SiO₃+CO₂

Na₂CO₃+HCl＝NaHCO₃+NaCl

NaHCO₃+HCl＝NaCl+H₂O+CO₂

3Na₂CO₃+2AlCl₃+3H₂O＝2Al(OH)₃↓+3CO₂↑+6NaCl

3Na₂CO₃+2FeCl₃+3H₂O＝2Fe(OH)₃↓+3CO₂↑+6NaCl

3NaHCO₃+AlCl₃＝Al(OH)₃↓+3CO₂↑

3NaHCO₃+FeCl₃＝Fe(OH)₃↓+3CO₂↑

NaHCO₃ +HCl = NaCl + CO₂↑+ H₂O

2NaHCO₃ Na₂CO₃ + CO₂↑+ H₂O

3Na₂CO₃ + 2Br₂ + H₂O ＝ 2NaHCO₃ + 2NaBrO + 2NaBr + CO₂↑  

 NaHCO₃  + Br₂  ＝ NaBr + HBrO + CO₂↑