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专题一 虚拟语气
发表于:2014-12-22阅读:23次
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英语有两种语气——陈述语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气表示事实上发生的事情或客观存在的情况。虚拟语气表示假定、想象、愿望等非事实观念。 Ⅰ.虚拟语气在条件句中主要有以下几种情况。 If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car. (表示可能性极小 “万一”) If you had gone to bed early last night, you would not be so sleepy now. (5) 假设情况不用if从句来表示,而是用without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示一种含蓄条件。 表示与现在或将来相反,用“would (should, could, might)+动词原形”;表示与过去相反用“would (should, could, might)+have+过去分词” I knew my uncle did have no time. Otherwise he would have kept me company to go hiking. 例1:We ______ John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2011·江西卷28) A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 例2: I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2011·陕西卷22) A. couldn't have gone B. didn't go C. wouldn't go D. hadn't gone (5)条件从句if的省略: 例:______ in your position, I would go. A. If I B. Were I C. If was I D. If I am Ⅱ用在从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈宾语从句中的应用 (1) wish后的宾语从句: 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时; 表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时; 表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的主观愿望,常用“would (could)+动词原形”。 I wish I knew the answer to the question.. I wished I hadn’t spent so much money. I wish it would stop raining. I wish you would come soon. 例:— Where are the children? — I wish they ______ always late. (2011·北京卷28) A. weren't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have been (2) 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。 I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move. 【注意】 (1)suggest 意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气. His pale face suggested that he was in poor health. (2)insist 意为“坚持认为,坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 2. 主语从句中的应用 It is+形容词/ 名词/ 过去分词+ that引导的主语从句,主语从句中谓语动词常用 “should + 动词原形”。 常用形容词有:necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等 常用名词有:duty, pity, regret, no wonder, shame等。 常用过去分词有:demanded, suggested, required, requested, ordered, decided等 It is suggested that pupils (should) wear school uniforms. It is important that everyone (should) inform themselves of these rules. It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer 3.表语从句中的应用 上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词构成表语从句,要用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形”.常用名词形式有:advice, decision, demand, proposal, request, order, suggestion等。 His suggestion was that the meeting (should) be put off. Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气 1. 在It's (high/about) time “该干某事了” 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式. It is high time that you went to school. 2. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同) 表示与现在事实相反,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时; 表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时; 表示将来的可能性不大,用“would (could)+动词原形” He felt as if he were responsible for what had happened. He treats me as if I were a stranger. Even if she had been ill, she would have gone to her office. 3.if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气 表示与现在或未来事情相反的愿望,谓语动词用 过去式 或 would/should+动词原形 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用 过去完成式。 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice. If only I had not been busy last week. 4. would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。 表示与现在或未来事情相反的愿望,谓语动词用 过去式. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用 过去完成式. I would rather he went right now.
语法专项练习: A. should start off B.started off C will start off D. would start off 17. It is necessary that we _____ the room every day. A.should clean B.clean C.will clean D.could clean 18.He did it as if he_____an expert,which is so skillful. A. was B. were C. is D .are 19.His smile on his face suggested that he ____ satisfied with our work. A.is B.was C. Should be D .were 20.____I you,I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were |