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浅谈sat语法的几个考核点
发表于:2012-06-26阅读:597次

浅谈Sat 语法的几个考核点


1


                                           Maryyu (06/07/2012)


英语句子重形式和逻辑。一个具有完整意义的句子从形式上要写成几个部分,即用逗号隔开,必须有连词出现表明其前后分句的逻辑关系。否则,除其中一个句子外,其它部分都要用短语的形式呈现。其次,一个完整的句子最基本的部分是其主语,谓语和宾语,或者只有主语和谓语。


Sat语法属于写作部分的考核,因此语法部分主要考察学生的句法功力。这里我把英语的句子类型以及常考句法错误做一个简单罗列和举例说明。


 


句子类型:


简单句


并列句


复合句


并列复合句


 


句子结构:


1.    简单句的构成:


    单句  +    状语        或          状语 + 单句


    状语:To do… /doing…/done….


          Adv.


          With/Without + ….


          Pre. +….


 


2.           并列句的构成:


单句 , + 并列连词+  单句


并列连词:and, but, so, for, or, yet


 


3.           复合句的构成:


从句 + 主句        或           主句  +   从句


     从句:从属连词 +  单句


   


4. 并列复合句


从句  +  并列句


    从属连词 + 单句 单句 并列连词 + 单句


 


常见结构错误:


 


1.  串句 :两个句子当成一个句子


 


例如:


We had never seen anything like this style of architecture before, we thought we were looking at giant sculptures, not buildings.


A.     We had never seen


B.      We never saw


C.      Never had we seen


D.     Never having seen


E.      Never seeing


原题误将两个用逗号串在一起的句子当成了一个句子。根据选项,把其中一个句子改成分词短语作状语即可。


 


2.  破句 :把句子的一个部分当成一个句子


1)  从属连词 + 单句


2)  Ing分词和 不定式 短语


3)  增加细节  (for example, also, except, such as, including, especially)


4)  少主语


例如:


Recent evidence suggests that dark energy, a mysterious repulsive force that causes the universe to expand, it has been present for most of the universes history.


A.     it has


B.      it had


C.      this has


D.     has


E.      having


这个句子首先错误的是第一个从句中只给出一个可以做主语的名词force,并无谓语出现。显然是一个由that引导的破句,属于第一种情况。再观察会发现,逗号后面的it其实就是指force,因此,可以把重复的it去掉,继续使用has做谓语部分。


 


The Four Corners Monument in the southwestern region of the United States, marking the place where the boundaries of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah intersect.


A.     States, marking the place


B.      States marks the place


C.      States, the place


D.     States, it marks


E.      States marking


这个句子逗号前是一个名词The Four Corners Monument,逗号后是marking引导的分词非谓语形式,因此是一个缺少谓语的破句。那么你知道选哪个了吗?是的,选B。


 


4.           错误平行结构:意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式表达


单词, 词组,从句


例如:


When I learned that both events were scheduled for the same evening, I found it difficult to choose between going to the basketball game or attend the rock concert.


A.     or attend


B.      or to attend


C.      or attending


D.     and attending


E.      and to attend


这个句子中between后跟and 连词,其次and 前后并列的部分应该语法形式平行一致。


 


5.        修饰语错误:修饰语和被修饰部分相距太远,引起歧义


例如:


When I asked which of the children was his daughter, he pointed to a little girl feeding a duck in a blue dress.


A.     feeding a duck in a blue dress


B.      feeding a duck and was in a blue dress


C.      feeding a duck, she was feeding a duck


D.     in a blue dress who was feeding a duck


E.      in a blue dress, she was feeding a duck


这个句子in a blue dress 这个介词短语跟在名词duck后,从结构上看应该是修饰duck,但从句意上分析,应该是修饰名词girl。


 


6.        垂悬修饰语:修饰语在句中找不到被修饰的对象


(垂悬) 分词,动名词,不定式,介词,省略句


例如:


Seeking to reduce pollution from conventional electricity plants, ways to convert the energy of ocean waves into usable power are being considered by the state of Oregon.


B. ways of converting the energy of ocean waves into usable power are something being considered by the state of Oregon.


E. the state of Oregon is considering ways to convert the energy of ocean waves into usable power.


这个句子被逗号分成两部分,前半部分是一个seeking分词短语做状语,但是显然句子的主语ways并不能充当seeking的逻辑主语,因而形成悬垂错误。正确答案是E。你想明白了吗?


   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


                                                               (待续)

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