初中英语语法讲座（三十九）短暂动词与延续动词

动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
    一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
    表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
    例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?
    二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
    否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,   begin/start --- be on,   die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up,   catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there,   become --- be,   come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out， put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。   例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years.    ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died.       He joined the Party 2 years ago.   -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.      I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.
补充练习：
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left    B. had left   C. has been away     D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. 
A. joined    B. have joined   C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988. 
A . has been open B. has opened   C. was open   D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. 
A. have made B. have been C. made    D. have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.   
A. be away   B. leave   C. be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished   B. has ended C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was    D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.  
A. have returned   B. have been back   C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died    B. has, died   C. has, been dead
11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept    B. was sleeping   C. has sleep   D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week. 
A. bought    B. has bought   C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.
A. did fall   B. have, fell C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left   B. has moved away   C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow   B. keep   C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. 
A. has stopped   B. stopped   C. has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?   
A. wearing    B. putting on C. dressing   D. on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours.
A. got up   B. has got up    C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is      B. catches   C. has caught    D. has had
20.----- How long can I ______ the book?    ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow    B. lend   C. get    D. keep
Key:
1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C;   11---15 B C C C B;   16---20 C A C D D